Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-09-25"
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- The impact of social media on women's paths to cosmetic enhancementPublication . Santos, Susana; Chagas, Bernardo; Tavares, PatríciaThis study examines the role of social media and social media influencers in shaping self-perceptions and decisions related to cosmetic procedures. It aims to clarify how social media influences the customer’s path towards cosmetic enhancements. Interviews with women who had procedures reveal that comparisons to online images negatively affect self-image. Influencers notably affect non-invasive procedure decisions, while invasive ones are influenced by lasting dissatisfaction and familial opinions. However, low self-esteem and comparison with self-edited images play significant roles. Findings contribute to academia, practitioners, and policymakers,shedding light on the multifaceted influences on cosmetic procedure choices.
- Revealing the potential brewer’s spent yeast: sustainable innovations for alternative protein development and waste reduction in the agri-food sectorPublication . Brassesco, María Emilia; Paupério, Ana Isabel; Coscueta, Ezequiel; Pereira, Carlos D.; Ferreira, João Paulo; Pintado, ManuelaIntroduction: Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY), a major brewing by-product, accumulates annually, posing environmental challenges [1]. Research highlights BSY’s potential as a sustainable alternative protein source in animal feed and human food. With the market expected to reach $2.17 billion by 2030, BSY offers a promising solution for waste reduction and protein replacement. However, more research is needed to optimize its use in human food products, particularly regarding flavor, texture, and processing. Valorizing BSY supports circular economy principles, transforming it into functional, high-protein ingredients for various applications. Objectives: This study aims to valorize BSY by producing differentiated functional extracts. These extracts, along with other relevant by-products (such as tomato flour and wheat germ), will be used to formulate protein-rich snacks. An innovative green process was employed to promote sustainable practices in the agri-food sector and introduce novel, natural ingredients for developing alternative protein food products. Conclusions: The RUF10 fraction showed a significant increase in antioxidant activity compared to RUF40 and a better production yield than PUF10. Crackers formulated with varying RUF10 concentrations exhibited notable differences in physicochemical properties. The protein content in crackers P6 was notably, but this resulted in reduced water activity and increased firmness, as indicated by lower fracturability. Future work should focus on understanding the peptide profile of yeast fractions and analyzing the antioxidant activity within the food matrix, providing deeper insights into the functional properties of BSY-derived products in food applications. In conclusion, the incorporation of BSY fractions successfully enhanced the nutritional profile, aligning with sustainability goals and offering a viable alternative for protein-rich food products.
- Actus justitiae : neo-escolástica salmantina e Francisco de Vitoria sobre o poder políticoPublication . Ndala, Adilson Lucas; Miranda, José Carlos Lopes deO nosso projecto de investigação representou um desafio de alto nível intelectual bastante penoso em esforços e recursos, porquanto, foi precedido de um périplo obrigatório pela rica história do conhecimento filosófico-teológico cristão, particularmente, em relação ao poder político ou civil, jusnaturalmente concebido. A pesquisa esforçou-se em responder ao desafio proposto por Calafate et al.4, sobre a necessidade urgente, por parte da academia, de se empenhar no «resgate de uma tradição relevante do magistério universitário renascentista das Universidades de Coimbra e Évora, em diálogo» com as raízes de Salamanca. Naquela tradição Neo-Escolástica, penetramos o pensamento de Francisco de Vitória que, por exemplo, contribuiu para a fundamentação da teoria da “Guerra Justa”5 e co-formulou o direito internacional moderno. São linhas que podemos encontrar nas suas portentosas obras (na verdade, conjunto de lições proferidas nas três Universidades da Península Ibérica percorridas em lecionação) com destaque a De Potestate Civili, 1528, sobre cujo valor nos empenhámos em refletir, sobretudo, a propósito da origem e finalidade do poder político e seus limites na práxis. Ao depararmo-nos com estes textos, logo percebemos a necessidade de os pesquisarmos metodicamente, delimitando o tema à visão da escola salmantina, em específico ao pensamento político de Vitória. Procedemos a buscas em escritos de dois tipos, nomeadamente, comentários a tratados preexistentes, designadamente De regno e Summa Theologiae de São Tomás de Aquino e as Sentenças de Pedro Lombardo, que serviram de base aos seus ensinamentos na Escola de Salamanca e, por outro lado, a uma série de releituras (Relectiones), resultantes de reflexões originais sobre algumas questões de vulto debatidas no seu tempo, no caso: “a natureza do poder civil, o poder que o Papa tem sobre ele, a legitimidade da expansão colonial europeia, a guerra justa”, entre outras, como sublinhou Rosas6. Ainda, pela temática selecionada, passámos, mesmo que brevemente, por referências obrigatórias que constituem o seu pano de fundo, como Santo Agostinho de Hipona e a sua “justiça” (sobretudo, em De Civitate Dei, 420-429 e Epistolários) e parte da análise breve à origem do Estado e o Governo Doméstico, etc., em A Política, de Aristóteles de Estagira, que Francisco de Vitória se não cansou de subscrever larga, directa e indirectamente.
- Revealing the potential brewer’s spent yeast: sustainable innovations for alternative protein development and waste reduction in the agri-food sectorPublication . Brassesco, María Emilia; Paupério, Ana Isabel; Coscueta, Ezequiel; Pereira, Carlos D.; Ferreira, João Paulo; Pintado, ManuelaBackground: Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY), the second most significant by-product of the brewing industry, represents an abundant biomass resource with considerable environmental implications due to its annual accumulation. This study aims to valorize BSY by-products producing differentiated functional extracts that can be used to formulate protein-rich snacks. By enhancing the value of this by-product, the research aims to promote sustainable practices within the agri-food sector and introduce novel natural ingredients for developing alternative protein food products. Methods: The experiments were conducted at a pilot scale, starting with an initial yeast mass of 200 L. A pre-treatment procedure involving washing and centrifugation was implemented to eliminate residual microorganisms, suspended material, and certain bitter compounds. Subsequently, BSY underwent an integrated process to produce peptide extracts. This process involved inducing autolysis through heat treatment to facilitate the hydrolysis of yeast extracts. Following centrifugation, the resulting liquid fraction was subjected to membrane filtration with different cut-off points (40 and 10 kDa) to generate distinct fractions. The extracts were then freeze-dried and underwent physicochemical characterization. The most promising extract was used to develop prototypes for savory snacks, with evaluations focusing on parameters such as color (using the CIELAB color system), texture, and water activity. Results: The derived fractions demonstrated high protein content along with significant amounts of minerals and fiber. Furthermore, the successful formulation of protein-rich savory snacks demonstrated the feasibility of repurposing these extracted fractions as functional ingredients in the production of high-protein products for human consumption. Conclusion: This research highlights the potential of using BSY by-products to create value-added ingredients and products, thereby advancing sustainability goals and aligning with the principles of the circular economy in the food industry.
- The hikikomori experience, as written by hikikomori individuals : a thematic analysis of the Hikipos magazinePublication . Franco, Filipe Varela; Vazão, Marta Maria Figueiredo PedroHikikomori is officially described as the voluntary social isolation of an individual who does not leave their home for more than six months. This situation has become a social phenomenon, which estimates an increasing number of reported cases around the world. Japan, where this phenomenon was first signaled, continues to be the country with the largest number of hikikomori individuals. The hikikomori issue has been studied in both psychiatric and sociological settings, with no clear consensus on whether it is a Japanese culturally bound issue or a psychopathology. Furthermore, there is still no a definite understanding of all the factors that lead so many individuals to withdraw from society. This study aimed to understand whether the hikikomori individuals' perspective on their own experience offers any insight that may be lacking in academic discussion. To do so, a thematic analysis was conducted on 10 issues of the hikikomori-produced Hikipos magazine. This dissertation proves that the hikikomori issue is a more nuanced issue than officially described and that the definition itself may be subject to change with context. Furthermore, the main factors that contribute to hikikomori behavior mostly stem from abusive and neglectful environments, in school, work, and especially, at home. These forms of abuse are not necessarily physical but do always involve some form of social exclusion that leads individuals to decide to alienate from others due to fear of confronting an environment in which they constantly fear failure. Finally, this study found that the most successful reintegration methods are done through creating “safe places” for hikikomori individuals to be themselves and re-learn social interaction. This study also found that the biggest hurdle is the prejudice against hikikomori individuals and against mental illness in Japan, which stems from socio-cultural values that may prove challenging to change. Although this study may be mostly limited to literature in the English language, it aims to present this discussion to as broad an audience as possible. Despite this study being specific to the hikikomori issue in Japan, there are likely to be similar socio-cultural conditions that can be proponents to the appearance of more hikikomori individuals in other countries.
- A responsabilidade da administração pública da saúde por erro médico em diagnóstico pré-natal : considerações e coordenadas jurídico-públicasPublication . Machado, Daniela Alexandra Silva; Gomes, Carla Maria Fermento AmadoA presente investigação - na sua essência despertada pela originalidade que o tema em apreço acarreta no cruzamento com a homóloga solução civilista - tem como ímpeto fazer uma incursão crítica pelo plano da interseção dos pressupostos da responsabilidade civil da Administração Pública da Saúde, com os casos de erro médico no processo de diagnóstico pré-natal, de gestantes acompanhadas em entidades que atuem ao serviço daquela Administração. Não obstante continuem a existir vozes doutrinais que teimam em despojar a temática de relevância teórico-prática, parece imperativo que se reconheça que, no contexto de um mundo em que o progresso científico é constante, o redefinir de fronteiras, no domínio da disciplina jurídica, se afigura crucial para que não se criem entraves à tutela jurídico-indemnizatória dos particulares lesados à luz de condutas clínicas ilícitas e culposas. À semelhança daquele que tem sido o papel da jurisprudência, também este trabalho pretende desmistificar algumas das objeções que têm estado na origem da recusa da procedência de ações por wrongful birth, contribuindo com a exposição de coordenadas que possam auxiliar os tribunais da jurisdição administrativa, na aplicação prática dos pressupostos da responsabilidade civil, à identificação das praxis médicas faltosas em sede de acompanhamento pré-natal.
- A omissão dos deveres de vigilância dos pacientes : análise do artigo 10.º, n.º 3 do RRCEEPublication . Cruz, Diana Isabel Silva; Gomes, Carla AmadoO papel do médico tem sido encarado de forma diferente ao longo dos anos, sendo certo que, se outrora o médico era olhado como um sujeito de confiança, cujas opiniões eram quase cegamente respeitadas, falando-se num modelo paternalista, atualmente o paciente e a sua autonomia são priorizados, o que faz com que o médico seja passível de ser responsabilizado, tanto penal como civilmente. É no contexto da responsabilidade civil por atos médicos que esta Dissertação se insere, pretendendo-se abordar a responsabilidade civil da Administração por omissão dos deveres de vigilância dos doentes capazes e incapazes. Assim, procedemos à análise do regime legal atual e, em especial, da norma estatuída no artigo 10.º, n.º 3 do RRCEE, previsão que contribui para aquilo que podemos apelidar de objetivização da responsabilidade administrativa, que veio contribuir para assegurar a possibilidade de prossecução dos direitos dos pacientes.