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- Different shades of green : a comparison between economy and luxury Hotels in guests’ participation in eco-friendly policiesPublication . Maggi, Jessica; Colaço, Vera Maria Portela Herédia Lancastre FreitasThe concept of sustainability in the hospitality industry has started to increase since more and more hotels began to incorporate green activities in their daily operations. Previous research has indicated that consumers have high expectations when paying a certain price for a quality service and, in that way, luxury can be a barrier to participation. The present dissertation analyses how the incorporation of eco-friendly activities in the hotel industry can impact guests’ expectations but also their behaviour when staying at a luxury hotel versus at an economy hotel. Further, this research analyses how incentives in the form of rewards programs increase guests’ participation in hotels’ eco-friendly activities. Results show that luxury is a barrier to participation in hotel’s eco-friendly activities. Also, that the importance guests give to hotel services is a crucial aspect to consider when deciding to establish ecofriendly policies in a more economical hotel. Regarding reward programs, results indicate that these do indeed motivate guests’ willingness to comply with eco-friendly policies. Also, that increases in guests’ habitual and occasional recycling is an important motivational antecedent on the willingness to comply with eco-friendly activities.
- The influence of ethical leadership on team effectiveness : a relationship mediated by transactive memory systemsPublication . Simões, Mafalda Sousa; Costa, Patrícia LopesSince several corporate ethical lapses were made public, the ethical conduct of leaders became, more than ever, a topic worth studying. Moreover, it is crucial to understand the role that an ethical leadership style might play in determining team positive outcomes. In this sense, the main objective of this dissertation is to examine the effect of ethical leadership on team effectiveness and team adaptability. To this end, it tests a mediating relationship linking ethical leadership with adaptability and the different components of team effectiveness, considering transactive memory systems as a mediator in these relationships. Based on a review of the existing literature, an exploratory research was used. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire answered by 33 leaders and 114 team member from three different contexts. Findings showed that ethical leadership positively predicts team effectiveness and TMS, but not team adaptability. However, when mediation analyses were conducted, results did not reveal any significant effect. In conclusion, findings from this study are relevant for organizations to consider when selecting their leaders. Practical implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
- Using social media to reach consumers of Alento : a content analysis of its official Facebook pagePublication . Vasconcelos, Marta da Costa Jácome de; Silva, Susana Cristina Lima da Costa eTraditionally, consumers spent time on the Internet purely to expend content: they read, watched, and used it to purchase products and services. However, nowadays consumers are using social media platforms to co-create, share, modify and discuss Internet content. This symbolises a “social media phenomenon” that can now influence a company’s sales, reputation and survival (Kietzmann et al., 2011, p. 241). According to one recent estimate, there are over 1.79 billion monthly active Facebook users (Facebook newsroom, 2016), with an increase of 16% year-over-year, giving Facebook the largest number of Social Networking Sites (SNS) users in the world. Therefore, Facebook has become a very popular form of social media for companies to promote their brands or products (Cheung & Leung, 2016). Nevertheless, many executives mismanage or ignore this social network because they do not understand its importance and how to engage with it (Kietzmann et al., 2011). The purpose of this thesis is to provide a solution for a problem raised by Alento. Alento is a human resources and consulting company that intended to understand how the company should engage with its official Facebook page. With this in mind, an internship program was created which would focus on the gathering of information to access and analyse the company’s presence on Facebook. Kietzmann et al. (2011) proposed seven functional building blocks of social media engagement with fans: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation and groups. This paper aims to find out which of the functional blocks of social media engagement with fans are the most important for Alento’s Facebook fan page, in order to understand how the company should engage with it. We also tried to understand the effect of some demographic and social factors in the perception of the importance of the seven functional building blocks of Facebook engagement with fans. In order to understand it, we conducted a survey that was taken by 205 Alento Facebook fans. Results contradicted expectations; they showed that the most important functional building blocks for Alento’s Facebook fan page’s engagement with fans are “presence”, “identity” and “reputation”. Furthermore, there are some factors that influence the perception of the importance of each of the seven functional building blocks for Alento’s Facebook fan page’s engagement with fans. In parallel, we analysed the results of some Facebook Marketing strategies developed during the internship. After extensive analysis of the data collected, and with the organisation’s collaboration, a plan of action was defined. The aim of this plan was to implement structural changes in Alento’s Facebook Marketing strategies on a short to medium term basis.
- Moldax : a change neededPublication . Ferreira, Madalena da Silva Santos Gomes; Guedes, Nuno Manuel de MagalhãesThis thesis is about Moldax, a Portuguese plastics manufacturing company that somewhere along its way felt the need to change. Moldax was born in 1993 and soon revealed the will to be the best in the market by being, for instance, a pioneer regarding the implementation of a quality system. But it is known that technology evolves at an unbelievably fast pace, and with it markets, employees, clients, shareholders…! To face these changes, companies need to be up to date – they must have state-of-the-art technology, machines, infrastructures, and their strategy must be aligned with their mission. What should companies do when the market starts to change? International competitors (such as Chinese companies) started to enter the market and offering better prices. At the same time, clients were becoming more demanding. Due to these factors, the company was forced to seek a different strategy, and this could be based on differentiation and servitization. This will be the focus of this thesis. The structure of this thesis is divided into three parts: Case Study, Literature Review and Teaching Note.
- The impact of leader’s feedback on team adaptation : the role of psychological safetyPublication . Bento, Laura Isabel Costa; Costa, Patrícia LopesThe aspiration of this master dissertation is to understand the relationship between the feedback provided by the leader and the adaptability of the team, and how psychological safety relates to both. Data was collected by means of a survey in three different types of teams: sports, company’s and military. From previous research, we believed that providing feedback would positively influence the adaptability of the team, and that psychological safety would explain this process. The results confirmed that feedback provided by the leader has a direct relationship with team adaptability. However, psychological safety’s role as a mediator was not confirmed in all three groups.
- Gender gap developments in tertiary education : a cross-country time-series analysis on European levelPublication . Plötz, Julia Susann; Reis, Hugo Jorge Correia de Azambuja de Freitas; Gouveia, MiguelDuring recent decades, a reversal of the gender gap in tertiary enrollment and a subsequent growing gap in favor of women could be observed in most industrialized countries. This dissertation shows developments of the female-male gender gap in tertiary educational enrollment and analyzes factors behind the widening female-male gap with time-series data on European level. The analysis is based on a model of educational investment, which suggests that gender differences in benefits and costs of tertiary education help to explain gender gaps in tertiary educational investment. Using a first difference model to ensure stationarity, we find that only gender differences in cognitive and non-cognitive skills, as measured by PISA scores in levels and standard deviations, significantly correlate with the gender gap in tertiary educational enrollment. We further find significant differences across time and country subgroup. Whether levels or the dispersion of cognitive and non-cognitive skills have explanatory power varies with country subregions and with the type of the PISA score used (Math or Reading).
- EDP : shedding light on a liberalized marketPublication . Branco, João Pedro Sousa Lobo de Azevedo; Guedes, Nuno Manuel de MagalhãesThis paper discusses the impact and consequences of the liberalization of the Portuguese energy market on the incumbent company structure, operation and strategy – EDP. It is divided into three main parts: the case study, the literature review of pertinent topics, and a teaching note intended to help instructors using the case. It addresses the specificities of the sector, the core competencies of the company and, with the support of the literature review, the possible business strategies to overcome this harsh challenge. The case emphasizes EDP’s option to promote competitive advantage through a differentiation approach, based on customer experience and exclusive services, backed by the inner strengths of the company. The analysis intends to deepen the understanding of the market, and the changes it underwent, to frame EDP potentialities and to address the different strategic options the company faced. With this it hopes to conclude that, in a liberalized utility market, the only way to escape the commodity trap is to implement a differentiation strategy.
- Impacte do conceito ECO na cadeia de abastecimento e no marketing do vinho Foral D. HenriquePublication . Mendes, António Manuel da Silva; Pereira, Paulo Jorge de AlmeidaAs recentes alterações climáticas ditam um novo paradigma na gestão, um equilíbrio dinâmico entre sustentabilidade e lucro. O empreendedorismo no setor do vinho poderá passar pelo green management, visando criar valor acrescentado ao produto e consequente vantagem competitiva. Elaborou-se um processo de produção “ECO” para a marca Foral D. Henrique, utilizando garrafas mais leves, com dimensões que permitem o transporte de quantidades maiores. A produção efetiva do Foral D. Henrique “ECO” permitiu analisar a influência na decisão de compra do aspeto da garrafa e da menção “ECO” e ainda o valor acrescentado à marca em lucro e notoriedade, utilizando como ponto de comparação o Foral D. Henrique 2015 e o Foral D. Henrique “Ecova Sedução”. O presente estudo um misto de Estudo Causal e Estudo Descritivo, que analisa de forma sistemática, lógica e robusta os comportamentos de compra dos inquiridos relativamente ao novo produto, criado exclusivamente para ser objeto deste trabalho. Foi também efetuada a análise comparativa da estrutura de custos dos produtos e da respetiva cadeia de abastecimento, fazendo uma projeção do impacte económico nos custos e proveitos da Adega Cooperativa de Mangualde, CRL. Estas alterações resultaram, do ponto de vista económico, numa redução de 4,61% no custo de produção e transporte, do ponto de vista ambiental, numa diminuição de 7,06% nos resíduos introduzidos na cadeia de abastecimento. Os resultados do inquérito indicam que os consumidores, quando menos informados, dão mais importância ao aspeto; quando mais informados, valorizam o preço. O conceito Eco é válido, desde que a mensagem seja transmitida corretamente ao consumidor, estando 67,2% dos inquiridos dispostos a pagar mais, o que pode ter um impacte de 4.48% na faturação no posto de venda. A chave do sucesso do negócio verde é a comunicação.
- O percurso histórico da MisericórdiaPublication . Barbosa Junior, Luiz Carlos; Ferreira, António Manuel Antunes de MatosO tema da Misericórdia divina ocupou um lugar de destaque no magistério de João Paulo II e muito recentemente foi objeto de um denso estudo pelo cardeal W. Kasper, e com certeza o Santo Padre Papa Francisco desenvolve este tema com muita profundidade ao longo destes anos de pontificado, e assim desperta a atenção e o interesse da teologia contemporânea. Tanto em João Paulo II como no magistério do papa Francisco, e também em W.Kasper, o tema da misericórdia situa-se na continuidade com a espiritualidade do Coração de Jesus, na linha de Santa Margarida Alacquoque, no séc. XVII, por um lado, e, por outro, com a espiritualidade da misericórdia que teve em Santa Faustina Kowalska uma expressão cimeira, influenciando João Paulo II. Além disso, movimentos relativamente recentes têm surgido, tendo na «misericórdia» uma referência privilegiada, como é o caso do Movimento Aliança de Misericórdia.