GIB - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
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- Gabinete de Investigação de BioéticaPublication . Oswald, Walter
- Ethical guidance on human embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation: a European overviewPublication . Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Osswald, Walter; Wert, G. de; Berghmans, R. L. P.; Boer, G. J.; Andersen, S.; Brambati, B.; Dierickx, K.; Elliston, S.; Nunez, P.; Vicari, M.This article presents an overview of regulations, guidelines and societal debates in eight member states of the EC about a) embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation (EFTT), and b) the use of human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) for research into cell therapy, including 'therapeutic' cloning. There appears to be a broad acceptance of EFTT in these countries. In most countries guidance has been developed. There is a 'strong' consensus about some of the central conditions for 'good clinical practice' regarding EFTT. International differences concern, amongst others, some of the informed consent issues involved, and the questions whether an intermediary organisation is necessary, whether the methods of abortion may be influenced by the possible use of EFT, and whether EFTT should only be used for the experimental treatment of rare disorders. The potential use of hES cells for research into cell therapy has given a new impetus to the debate about (human) embryo research. The therapeutic prospects with regard to the retrieval and research use of hES cells appear to function as a catalyst for the introduction of less restrictive regulations concerning research with spare embryos, at least in some European countries. It remains to be seen whether the prospect of treating patients suffering from serious disorders with transplants produced by therapeutic cloning will decrease the societal and moral resistance to allowing the generation of embryos for 'instrumental' use.
- Relação homem-natureza: o princípio responsabilidadePublication . Araújo, Joana; Renaud, Michel
- Os valores da bioética e a educaçãoPublication . Pereira, Carlos de AlmeidaHaving achieved nowadays a vital nature in the educational purposes of all human beings whilst persons, bioethics has been adaption itself along its over three decades of history in a deep and narrow relationship with a value humanistic sense. It´s therefore most important to analyse in its genealogy and field of actin the axiological vectors that tacitly determine its route, so as to find meaningful clues that direct the guidelines of an ethically sustained antropo-pedagogic project for the techno-scientific society of the new millennium.
- A Probabilidade segundo Max Born: da Mecânica Quântica à FilosofiaPublication . Borges de Meneses, Ramiro Délio
- Comunicação, medicina e evolucionismo: estudo de caso dos media brasileirosPublication . Carvalho, MónicaO objectivo deste trabalho é discutir acerca da noção de intelectual-jornalista no campo científico a partir de um estudo de caso dos media brasileiros. Com este conceito, Bourdieu se referia ao papel dos críticos e avaliadores que julgam produtos culturais diversos e lhes dão maior ou menor evidência nos veículos de comunicação. Contudo, o termo parece não restringir-se ao campo de produção cultural e, no Brasil, pode ser observado também na área biomédica. No caso em estudo, Dráuzio Varella tem função de médico e jornalista ao mesmo tempo. Enquanto médico-jornalista, ele reveste-se de seu direito de expressão, mediática e cientificamente reconhecido, e, no entanto, faz uso de um discurso não científico, repleto de metáforas, certezas e juízos de valor, ou seja, cientificamente desqualificado, mas, ainda assim, estatutário. A importância de Varella deu-se no meu doutorado em pesquisa sobre o nexo obesidade/pobreza no jornal brasileiro “Folha de São Paulo”. Enquanto intelectual-jornalista, o médico ratifica certa ‘ordem estabelecida’: ele sempre fala segundo um ponto de vista radicalmente evolucionista. No âmbito da obesidade/pobreza, seu discurso enfatiza a noção de obesidade como anacronismo biológico e conduz à naturalização e medicalização da pobreza, na medida em que também aponta para a noção de darwinismo social.
- Autonomia em Kant: pela crítica da crítica científicaPublication . Serrão, Daniel Pinto; Meneses, Ramiro Délio BorgesNeste texto pretende-se sintetizar os fundamentos a priori do princípio da autonomia de Kant, decifrando o seu sentido e valor gnoseológicos desde a Crítica da Razão Prática até aos Fundamentos da Metafísica dos Costumes.
- Na parábola do Homo Viator (LC 10, 25-37): a outra qualidade de vida pelo espaço e pelo tempo plesiológicosPublication . Brito, José Henrique Silveira; Meneses, Ramiro Délio Borges deAccording to the Good Samaritan parable there is a new ethic lecture to the quality of life. This life’s quality will be to become a new escathological and soteriological formulations by the Helpless at the Roadside. The life’s quality defines a new plesiologic aretology and suggests a very important reception ethic according to the hospitality. The other life quality defines a new ethical sense to the poietic quality of the Samaritan, because Jesus Christ is the soteriological life quality. However, the Good Samaritan carries out different and new dimensions to the life’s quality. And the very life quality is the Jesus Christ living in this World. The article concerns the critical approach taken to ethics by the Helpless at the Roadside focusing in particular on the logical quality of life.
- The Kinematic Laws according to KantPublication . Meneses, Ramiro Délio Borges de
- Medical paternalism or parental autonomy in decision makingPublication . Silva, Ernestina Maria Batoca; Osswald, WalterHealth care providers and parents may have distinctive roles in the decision-making process regarding the care and treatment of premature babies. In this paper, we explore the process of decision making among doctors, nurses, and parents in premature care units (neonatal intensive care unites, NICUs) located in the central region of Portugal. Forty-one semistructured interviews with doctors, nurses, and mothers were conducted and analyzed. There is evidence that the medical teams provide a considerable amount of information to parents of premature babies, although sometimes unfavorable prognostic data are omitted. Mothers showed a high degree of confidence in the skill and knowledge of the medical professionals and accepted the latter’s role in making decisions regarding the care and treatment of their premature babies. Only when invasive procedures or surgery were serious possibilities was something resembling written informed consent obtained. Ethics committees were seldom consulted. The results show that in the region surveyed, parents neither are invited nor appear to demand a role in making medical decisions that affect their babies. No conflicts between medical providers and parents were detected, suggesting that informed consent and the participation of parents in medical decisions regarding the care and treatment of their babies are not considered necessary or useful in this particular area by the respective parties, in contrast with the tenets of autonomy-based ethics.