Percorrer por autor "Torres, Francisco"
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- Brexit. Uma questão de racionalidade políticaPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, FranciscoO Brexit conduz-nos à questão da dimensão óptima (ou sustentável) da União Europeia. Países com preferências permanentemente divergentes ou mesmo irreconciliáveis com os objectivos da União podem e devem optar pela saída, escolhendo livremente o próprio caminho sem bloquear o processo de integração europeia. O Brexit escolha livre e democrática do RU é por isso um desenvolvimento lógico e positivo para a Europa.
- Brexit: uma perspectiva EuropeiaPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, Francisco
- A economia política da transição energética: enquadramento europeu e políticas nacionaisPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, Francisco
- EU muss eigene Interessen wahren: BrexitPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, Francisco
- EU trade and regulation: economic and political dynamicsPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, FranciscoThe EU’s new generation of deep and comprehensive free trade agreements not only promote EU trade but also have a bearing on the shape of the European model and in consequence on the sustainability of the integration project. They reach much further than conventional free trade agreements. Their benefits hinge on the abolition of non-tariff and regulatory barriers and enter into areas that are member state competences. Much depends on the agreements in question and similarity of preferences between trading partners. It is up to the EU, ultimately for the sake of the sustainability of its political integration project, to explicitly contemplate not only trade impacts but impacts on the Union’s economic model instead of letting rather than being pushed further down the road by unfolding trade dynamics.
- EU trade dynamics and the European model in the context of new globalization patterns and global governancePublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, FranciscoThis article argues that European Union (EU) trade dynamics and (old and new) globalization challenges cannot be seen in isolation from their implications for the European (economic, social, environmental) model. The EU, a staunch defender of free trade and multilateralism, faces an increasingly messy international trading system and new realities that affect its external trade (environmental and geopolitical considerations, industrial policy). Its quest to promote external trade may however sit uneasily with European values, to which EU trade policy reviews pay tribute by letter, most recently enshrining the objectives of the European Green Deal. This article questions the EU’s unfettered defence of the European model in practice through its new generation trade agreements, which are a chief embodiment of its trade policy. Those increasingly stretch into non-traditional areas, which implies that they feed back into the European model in a way that traditional trade agreements have not, via multiple channels, including regulation (standards, also environmental and labour) or investor protection clauses. The issue whether the EU privileges trade over the European model is reflected in the difficulty to find a necessary consensus among member states to ensure the ratification of recent deep trade agreements.
- Europe’s vaccine paradox: from supply to demand issuesPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, Francisco
- European integration through open-ended mechanismsPublication . Torres, FranciscoThe book analyses the building of the European Union’s governance framework from the point of view of the sustainability of the European integration process. It departs from the premise that the evolution of that framework hinges on some degree of preference convergence to have occurred or to occur. It addresses two fundamental EU institutions that were built as open-ended mechanisms: Economic and Monetary Union and the European Green Deal. In doing so, it also discusses the importance of ‘openness’ to further political integration and the limits of differentiated integration.
- Lessons from the Coronavirus crisis for European integrationPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, Francisco
- Lessons on the political economy of European integration: selected topicsPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, FranciscoThis book applies a political economy lens and an interdisciplinary approach to the European integration process, analysing its sustainability. It aims at complementing the lectures on the topic in order to capacitate students to critically analyse the on-going processes of European integration as well as the current challenges facing the EU. It discusses the evolution of European integration in terms of its various stages, with emphasis on its regulatory character, notably EU trade, the Single Market, Economic and Monetary Union and the European Green Deal, and examines the issue of the optimal size and scope of the Union.