Browsing by Author "Sousa, Paulo"
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- Behavioral circumscription and the folk psychology of belief: a study in ethno-mentalizingPublication . Rose, David; Machery, Edouard; Stich, Stephen; Alai, Mario; Angelucci, Adriano; Berniūnas, Renatas; Buchtel, Emma E.; Chatterjee, Amita; Cheon, Hyundeuk; Cho, In-Rae; Cohnitz, Daniel; Cova, Florian; Dranseika, Vilius; Lagos, Angeles Erana; Ghadakpour, Laleh; Grinberg, Maurice; Hannikainen, Ivar; Hashimoto, Takaaki; Horowitz, Amir; Hristova, Evgeniya; Jraissati, Yasmina; Kadreva, Veselina; Karasawa, Kaori; Kim, Hackjin; Kim, Yeonjeong; Lee, Minwoo; Mauro, Carlos; Mizumoto, Masaharu; Moruzzi, Sebastiano; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Ornelas, Jorge; Osimani, Barbara; Romero, Carlos; Rosas, Alejandro; Sangoi, Massimo; Sereni, Andrea; Songhorian, Sarah; Sousa, Paulo; Struchiner, Noel; Tripodi, Vera; Usui, Naoki; Vazquez del Mercado, Alejandro; Volpe, Giorgio; Vosgerichian, Hrag A.; Zhang, Xueyi; Zhu, JingIs behavioral integration (i.e., which occurs when a subject's assertion that p matches her nonverbal behavior) a necessary feature of belief in folk psychology? Our data from over 5,000 people across 26 samples, spanning 22 countries suggests that it is not. Given the surprising cross‐cultural robustness of our findings, we argue that the types of evidence for the ascription of a belief are, at least in some circumstances, lexicographically ordered: assertions are first taken into account, and when an agent sincerely asserts that p, nonlinguistic behavioral evidence is disregarded. In light of this, we take ourselves to have discovered a universal principle governing the ascription of beliefs in folk psychology.
- De Pulchritudine non est Disputandum? A cross-cultural investigation of the alleged intersubjective validity of aesthetic judgmentPublication . Cova, Florian; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Machery, Edouard; Stich, Stephen; Rose, David; Alai, Mario; Angelucci, Adriano; Berniūnas, Renatas; Buchtel, Emma E.; Chatterjee, Amita; Cheon, Hyundeuk; Cho, In Rae; Cohnitz, Daniel; Dranseika, Vilius; Lagos, Ángeles E.; Ghadakpour, Laleh; Grinberg, Maurice; Hannikainen, Ivar; Hashimoto, Takaaki; Horowitz, Amir; Hristova, Evgeniya; Jraissati, Yasmina; Kadreva, Veselina; Karasawa, Kaori; Kim, Hackjin; Kim, Yeonjeong; Lee, Minwoo; Mauro, Carlos; Mizumoto, Masaharu; Moruzzi, Sebastiano; Ornelas, Jorge; Osimani, Barbara; Romero, Carlos; Rosas, Alejandro; Sangoi, Massimo; Sereni, Andrea; Songhorian, Sarah; Sousa, Paulo; Struchiner, Noel; Tripodi, Vera; Usui, Naoki; Mercado, Alejandro V. del; Volpe, Giorgio; Vosgerichian, Hrag A.; Zhang, Xueyi; Zhu, JingSince at least Hume and Kant, philosophers working on the nature of aesthetic judgment have generally agreed that common sense does not treat aesthetic judgments in the same way as typical expressions of subjective preferences—rather, it endows them with intersubjective validity, the property of being right or wrong regardless of disagreement. Moreover, this apparent intersubjective validity has been taken to constitute one of the main explananda for philosophical accounts of aesthetic judgment. But is it really the case that most people spontaneously treat aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity? In this paper, we report the results of a cross-cultural study with over 2,000 respondents spanning 19 countries. Despite significant geographical variations, these results suggest that most people do not treat their own aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of aesthetic judgment and the purpose of aesthetics in general.
- Juízos morais e emoções: Um estudo através da Tarefa Moral Convencional revista e ampliadaPublication . Pipa, Francisco; Sousa, Paulo; Ferreira-Santos, Fernanda; Mauro, CarlosObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o papel das emoções na produção de juízos morais. Para tal, utilizámos a Tarefa Moral Convencional (MCT) que serve para qualificar, através de cenários de transgressões apresentados aos participantes, o que constitui um juízo de uma transgressão moral por oposição a um juízo da transgressão de uma convenção social. Metodologia: A MCT foi revista e implementada através de um inquérito, utilizando questões que avaliam, entre outras, as dimensões afetivas de valência e ativação, e as emoções discretas. Introduziram-se também novos cenários que vão para além dos domínios morais tradicionais de dano e injustiça. Resultados: Obteve-se uma associação entre emoções e juízos morais: as transgressões morais foram percecionadas como mais negativas e perturbadoras/ativadoras do que as de convenções sociais. Discussão: Contrariamente à maioria dos estudos sobre este tema, os nossos resultados demonstram o potencial papel das emoções nos juízos morais.
- Nothing at stake in knowledgePublication . Rose, David; Machery, Edouard; Stich, Stephen; Alai, Mario; Angelucci, Adriano; Berniūnas, Renatas; Buchtel, Emma E.; Chatterjee, Amita; Cheon, Hyundeuk; Cho, In-Rae; Cohnitz, Daniel; Cova, Florian; Dranseika, Vilius; Lagos, Angeles Erana; Ghadakpour, Laleh; Grinberg, Maurice; Hannikainen, Ivar; Hashimoto, Takaaki; Horowitz, Amir; Hristova, Evgeniya; Jraissati, Yasmina; Kadreva, Veselina; Karasawa, Kaori; Kim, Hackjin; Kim, Yeonjeong; Lee, Minwoo; Mauro, Carlos; Mizumoto, Masaharu; Moruzzi, Sebastiano; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Ornelas, Jorge; Osimani, Barbara; Romero, Carlos; Rosas Lopez, Alejandro; Sangoi, Massimo; Sereni, Andrea; Songhorian, Sarah; Sousa, Paulo; Struchiner, Noel; Tripodi, Vera; Usui, Naoki; Vazquez del Mercado, Alejandro; Volpe, Giorgio; Vosgerichian, Hrag Abraham; Zhang, Xueyi; Zhu, Jing
- The evaluative nature of the folk concepts of weakness and strength of willPublication . Sousa, Paulo; Mauro, Carlos Eduardo EvangelistiThis article examines the evaluative nature of the folk concepts of weakness and strength of will and hypothesizes that their evaluative nature is strongly connected to the folk concepts of blame and credit. We probed how people apply the concepts of weakness and strength of will to prototypical and non-prototypical scenarios. While regarding prototypical scenarios the great majority applied these concepts according to the predictions following from traditional philosophical analyses. When presented with non-prototypical scenarios, people were divided. Some, against traditional analyses, did not apply these concepts, which we explain in terms of a clash of evaluations involving different sorts of blame and credit. Others applied them according to traditional analyses, which we explain in terms of a disposition to be reflective and clearly set apart the different sorts of blame and credit involved. Still others applied them in an inverse way, seemingly bypassing the traditional components resolution and best judgment, which we explain in terms of a reinterpretation of the scenarios driven by an assumption that everyone knows deep inside that the best thing to do is to act morally. This division notwithstanding, we claim that our results are largely supportive of traditional analyses (qua analyses of folk concepts).
- The Gettier intuition from South America to AsiaPublication . Machery, Edouard; Stich, Stephen; Rose, David; Alai, Mario; Angelucci, Adriano; Berniūnas, Renatas; Buchtel, Emma E.; Chatterjee, Amita; Cheon, Hyundeuk; Cho, In Rae; Cohnitz, Daniel; Cova, Florian; Dranseika, Vilius; Lagos, Ángeles Eraña; Ghadakpour, Laleh; Grinberg, Maurice; Hannikainen, Ivar; Hashimoto, Takaaki; Horowitz, Amir; Hristova, Evgeniya; Jraissati, Yasmina; Kadreva, Veselina; Karasawa, Kaori; Kim, Hackjin; Kim, Yeonjeong; Lee, Minwoo; Mauro, Carlos; Mizumoto, Masaharu; Moruzzi, Sebastiano; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Ornelas, Jorge; Osimani, Barbara; Romero, Carlos; Lopez, Alejandro Rosas; Sangoi, Massimo; Sereni, Andrea; Songhorian, Sarah; Sousa, Paulo; Struchiner, Noel; Tripodi, Vera; Usui, Naoki; Mercado, Alejandro Vázquez del; Volpe, Giorgio; Vosgerichian, Hrag Abraham; Zhang, Xueyi; Zhu, JingThis article examines whether people share the Gettier intuition (viz. that someone who has a true justified belief that p may nonetheless fail to know that p) in 24 sites, located in 23 countries (counting Hong Kong as a distinct country) and across 17 languages. We also consider the possible influence of gender and personality on this intuition with a very large sample size. Finally, we examine whether the Gettier intuition varies across people as a function of their disposition to engage in “reflective” thinking.