Percorrer por autor "Martins, Nuno"
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- An evolutionary approach to emergence and social causationPublication . Martins, NunoRom Harré criticizes critical realism for ascribing causal powers to social structures, arguing that it is human individuals, and not social structures, that possess causal powers, and that a false conception of structural causation undermines the emancipatory potential of critical realism. I argue that an interpretation of the category of process as the spatio-temporalization of the category of structure, which underpins much evolutionary theory, provides the conceptual tools to explain how the critical realist transformational model of social activity can escape from Harré's criticism, leading to a general conception of social development within which various types of evolutionary processes can be identified as particular cases. I then argue that Tony Lawson's PVRS model provides an evolutionary perspective that enables the conceptualization of coercive power as selective pressure.
- A circular economy within a place-based approach as a means to a European full employment policyPublication . Costa, Leonardo; Leitão, Alexandra; Marcelo, Gonçalo Nuno de Bettencourt Coutinho; Martins, Nuno; Oliveira, Francisca Guedes de; Tavares, Marisa Fernanda FigueiredoThe European Union developed a set of different policies to deal with different problems, such as macroeconomic stability, unemployment, inequality and the environment. However, these problems are interconnected and cannot be adequately addressed without an integrated approach that takes into account the different territories, which is possible within the existing EU institutional framework, as we shall argue while identifying the key European institutions necessary for doing so. But this integrated view has not been adopted so far. We argue that a normative circular conception of the economy provides a more adequate framework for advancing full employment within a place-based integrated approach while articulating the microeconomic, mesoeconomic and macroeconomic levels and/or all governance levels.
- Democracia e racionalidadePublication . Martins, Nuno
- A ética kantiana e o espírito do cristianismoPublication . Martins, Nuno
- Lebret’s Christian-inspired societal project and integral human developmentPublication . Martins, Nuno; Teixeira, VítorIn this article, we describe how Louis-Joseph Lebret’s work, propelled by his human-centred spirituality, contributed to the development of an approach aimed at the transformation of social and economic structures, so as to achieve integral human development. We discuss too the connections between Lebret’s legacy and the advancement of Integral Human Development within the Catholic Church. Finally drawing on a relational ontology (and the way it is expressed in the idea of a relational community in Catholic Social Teaching), we address the similarities and differences between the approaches to human development which were adopted in, respectively, the Catholic Church and the United Nations, which is another central institution with which Lebret interacted.
- A transformational conception of evolutionary processesPublication . Martins, NunoThe transformational conception of social activity provides a non-deterministic framework within which evolutionary models of natural selection can be located, and constitutes an alternative to sociological and economic traditions that adopt a deterministic conception of social processes, in which the causal effects of social structures, or technology, for example, are conceptualized in a deterministic way. Natural selection processes can be conceptualized as a more specific instance of this broad (non-deterministic) transformational conception, and hence can provide additional insight whenever addressing cases where a more specific model is required.
- Veblen, Sen, and the formalization of evolutionary theoryPublication . Martins, NunoIt has been suggested that economics could benefit greatly from recent developments in evolutionary game theory. In fact, key authors in the study of the role of ethical norms in economic behavior like Amartya Sen argue that evolutionary game theory could contribute much to the study of social norms and behavior. Others have suggested that evolutionary game theory could be most helpful for formalizing the work of classic authors in evolutionary and institutional economics like Thorstein Veblen. Here I discuss the behavioral assumptions of evolutionary game theory models, and Jorgen Weibull's approach in particular. I will argue that Weibull's models, and evolutionary game theory in general, pose overly strong restrictions on the explanation of human behavior, which limit the potential of evolutionary explanation. I also suggest Tony Lawson's population-variety-reproduction-selection (PVRS) model as an alternative evolutionary framework that can successfully accommodate developments in behavioral economics, while also providing a solution to important critiques of Darwinian evolutionary analysis made by Richard Nelson, among others.