Browsing by Author "Gaspar, Augusta"
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- Capital psicológico, valores profissionais e satisfação no trabalho: um estudo exploratórioPublication . Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Gaspar, Augusta; Pires, CatarinaEste estudo pretende averiguar o impacto dos líderes nos membros das suas equipas, prevendo-se que o capital psicológico (constituído pelas dimensões de esperança, otimismo, resiliência e eficácia) e os valores profissionais dos líderes influenciem o capital psicológico, os valores, e a satisfação com o trabalho dos membros das equipas que coordenam. Apesar de diversos estudos terem já demonstrado que estas variáveis dos líderes têm um impacto positivo nos resultados desejados no local de trabalho, Luthans, em 2006, as relações entre este conjunto de variáveis ainda não foram exploradas no cenário empresarial português. O capital psicológico é visto como um recurso que vai além do capital humano (experiência, conhecimento e habilidades) ou capital social (relacionamentos, redes). Trata-se de “quem a pessoa é aqui e agora” e “quem a pessoa se pode tornar” num futuro próximo se os recursos psicológicos forem desenvolvidos no local de trabalho. Os valores são crenças, metas desejáveis que transcendem ações e situações específicas, e que servem como padrões ou critérios que orientam a ação. Finalmente, a satisfação no trabalho é um estado subjetivo que pode influenciar o funcionamento da organização e contribuir para o aumento da produtividade.
- Choosing who to work with from facial expression and clothing colorPublication . Gaspar, Augusta; Rodrigues, Bárbara
- Empathy development from adolescence to adulthood and its consistency across targetsPublication . Gaspar, Augusta; Esteves, FranciscoThis research was conducted with two main goals—to contribute to knowledge on the development of empathy from early adolescence to adulthood, including its contribution to decoding emotion expression, and to improve the understanding of the nature of empathy by simultaneously assessing empathy toward two different targets—humans and animals. It unfolded into two cross-sectional studies: One (S1) obtaining measures of empathy toward humans and animals as targets across five age groups (from pre-adolescents to adults); and another (S2) where a subset of the adolescents who participated in S1 were assessed in emotion expression decoding and subjective and physiological responses to emotional video clips. The results of S1 showed that empathy toward animals and most dimensions of empathy toward humans increase toward adulthood, with important gender differences in empathy to animals and humans, and empathy levels in girls starting off in the age trajectory at higher levels, A moderate correlation between empathy toward human and toward animal targets was also found. S2 showed that the expression of positive emotion is better recognized than that of negative emotion, surprise, or neutral expression, and that the measure of human-directed empathy predicts successful decoding of negative emotion, whereas skin conductance responses (SCRs) and subjective valence ratings predicted successful identification of positive emotion. Gender differences emerged but not across all age groups nor all subscales. Results yield keys to the developmental “pace” and trajectory of the various dimensions of empathy and to how empathy relates to emotion decoding.
- Empatia e moral – que relação na trança da evolução biológica e da evolução cultural?Publication . Gaspar, Augusta
- Ethical and scientific pitfalls concerning laboratory research with non-human primates, and possible solutionsPublication . Carvalho, Constança; Gaspar, Augusta; Knight, Andrew; Vicente, LuísBasic and applied laboratory research, whenever intrusive or invasive, presents substantial ethical challenges for ethical committees, be it with human beings or with non-human animals. In this paper we discuss the use of non-human primates (NHPs), mostly as animal models, in laboratory based research. We examine the two ethical frameworks that support current legislation and guidelines: deontology and utilitarianism. While human based research is regulated under deontological principles, guidelines for laboratory animal research rely on utilitarianism. We argue that the utilitarian framework is inadequate for this purpose: on the one hand, it is almost impossible to accurately predict the benefits of a study for all potential stakeholders; and on the other hand, harm inflicted on NHPs (and other animals) used in laboratory research is extensive despite the increasing efforts of ethics committees and the research community to address this. Although deontology and utilitarianism are both valid ethical frameworks, we advocate that a deontological approach is more suitable, since we arguably have moral duties to NHPs. We provide suggestions on how to ensure that research currently conducted in laboratory settings shifts towards approaches that abide by deontological principles. We assert that this would not impede reasonable scientific research.
- Preditores da empatia dirigida a humanos e outros animais em portugueses e anglo-saxónicosPublication . Emauz, Ana; Gaspar, Augusta; Esteves, FranciscoA relação entre empatia dirigida a humanos e empatia dirigida a outros animais tem sido reportada como fraca, sendo pou coconhecidos os fatores que predizem a segunda. Neste estudo, examinaram-se potenciais variáveis preditoras de cada uma destas duas formas de empatia e compararam-se participantes lusófonos e anglo-saxónicos, inspecionando possíveis especificidades culturais. Foi conduzido um inquérito na web que incluiu as versões portuguesa e inglesa de uma escala de empatia para com humanos e de uma escala de empatia para com animais, bem como questões relacionadas com animais de estimação, religião, dieta e participação em ONGs. Atestagem de modelos de regressão múltipla evidenciou o género como preditor da empatia com humanos, mas apenas no grupo lusófono. O sexo feminino e a vivência com animais de estimação foram preditores de empatia para com animais em ambos os grupos; a ligação a ONGs também o foi na população lusófona, enquanto que na anglo-saxónica pesou mais a dieta vegetariana/vegana.
- A serious game-based solution to prevent bullyingPublication . Raminhos, Cátia; Cláudio, Ana Paula; Carmo, Maria Beatriz; Gaspar, Augusta; Carvalhosa, Susana; Candeias, Maria de JesusPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a Serious Game with the main purpose of inducing attitude changes as a way to prevent bullying, in a target audience of young people between 10 and 12 years old. Design/methodology/approach: The rationale for prevention is: first, to help victims of these aggressive episodes to acquire or improve competencies in avoiding or dealing with future real bullying situations; and second, to promote empathy toward the victims in bystanders. A back office application complements the game, providing substantial assistance to psychologists while using the game with patients in therapy or in research work. Findings: Both components, the game and the back office, were evaluated with volunteers. The user study leads the authors to the conclusion that the current version of the game holds good potential in bullying prevention: the young people that played the game in a continuous time span, at the end of this testing process, have expressed improvements in their bullying prevention strategies. The back office application, a distinctive feature of the solution when compared to other similar bullying prevention solutions, was positively assessed by the psychologists who tested it. Originality/value: The game deals with strong social features, such as number of friends and invitations to social events (e.g. a birthday party), to which young people give much importance. Additionally, it offers a variability of scenarios and consequences of actions, taking into account the user’s performance in the game. The main factors that makes the presented solution stand out in comparison with other similar bullying prevention solutions are mainly the following: It includes a back office application to assist therapists with data management features; the role of the player in the game can be chosen according to his own profile; it is possible to play even outside a therapy session (e.g. at home); and it is a portable solution.
- The sun is no fun without rain: physical environments affect how we feel about yellow across 55 countriesPublication . Jonauskaite, Domicele; Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M.; Abu-Akel, Ahmad; Al-Rasheed, Abdulrahman Saud; Antonietti, Jean Philippe; Ásgeirsson, Árni Gunnar; Atitsogbe, Kokou Amenyona; Barma, Marodégueba; Barratt, Daniel; Bogushevskaya, Victoria; Bouayed Meziane, Maliha Khadidja; Chamseddine, Amer; Charernboom, Thammanard; Chkonia, Eka; Ciobanu, Teofil; Corona, Violeta; Creed, Allison; Dael, Nele; Daouk, Hassan; Dimitrova, Nevena; Doorenbos, Cornelis B.; Fomins, Sergejs; Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo; Gaspar, Augusta; Gizdic, Alena; Griber, Yulia A.; Grimshaw, Gina M.; Hasan, Aya Ahmed; Havelka, Jelena; Hirnstein, Marco; Karlsson, Bodil S.A.; Katembu, Stephen; Kim, Jejoong; Konstantinou, Nikos; Laurent, Eric; Lindeman, Marjaana; Manav, Banu; Marquardt, Lynn; Mefoh, Philip; Mroczko-Wąsowicz, Aleksandra; Mutandwa, Phillip; Ngabolo, Georgette; Oberfeld, Daniel; Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta; Perchtold, Corinna M.; Pérez-Albéniz, Alicia; Pouyan, Niloufar; Rashid Soron, Tanjir; Roinishvili, Maya; Romanyuk, Lyudmyla; Salgado Montejo, Alejandro; Sultanova, Aygun; Tau, Ramiro; Uusküla, Mari; Vainio, Suvi; Vargas-Soto, Veronica; Volkan, Eliz; Wąsowicz, Grażyna; Zdravković, Sunčica; Zhang, Meng; Mohr, ChristineAcross cultures, people associate colours with emotions. Here, we test the hypothesis that one driver of this cross-modal correspondence is the physical environment we live in. We focus on a prime example – the association of yellow with joy, – which conceivably arises because yellow is reminiscent of life-sustaining sunshine and pleasant weather. If so, this association should be especially strong in countries where sunny weather is a rare occurrence. We analysed yellow-joy associations of 6625 participants from 55 countries to investigate how yellow-joy associations varied geographically, climatologically, and seasonally. We assessed the distance to the equator, sunshine, precipitation, and daytime hours. Consistent with our hypotheses, participants who live further away from the equator and in rainier countries are more likely to associate yellow with joy. We did not find associations with seasonal variations. Our findings support a role for the physical environment in shaping the affective meaning of colour.
- Web-based application to foster pro-environmental behavior via empathyPublication . Gaspar, Augusta; Cláudio, Ana PaulaForests are disappearing at a faster pace than ever. As the problem stems not only from business interests but also from consumer’s lack of knowledge and weak motivation, we put Emotion Psychology into practice, creating a web page that addresses the problems and solutions for the world’s great forests through gamification—to motivate people across the world to make a difference, raising their awareness and empathy, as a means to change small habits that nonetheless have great environmental impact.