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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A guerra civil síria, as manifestações violentas e a privação de condições básicas
de vida na região do Norte de África e Médio Oriente provocaram o maior número de
refugiados e deslocados desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Grande parte destas pessoas
tentou encontrar segurança nos Estados-membro da União Europeia. Tal levou à pior crise
migratória no continente europeu desde 1945.
A situação calamitosa registada principalmente nos países periféricos levou a que
determinadas maneiras de agir conforme a legislação europeia passassem para segundo
plano. Tal levou a críticas por parte de várias organizações humanitárias que levantaram
objeções à forma como os refugiados e migrantes estavam a ser recebidos em vários
Estados-membro.
A Política de Asilo da União Europeia foi posta à prova, tendo esta sido criticada
por não estar à altura dos diversos desafios criados pelo número de pessoas que chegaram
ao continente europeu. Nesse sentido, ao longo da crise esta política teve a necessidade
de evoluir e adaptar para lidar com os vários problemas que foram afligindo a União
Europeia e os seus Estados-membro.
Esta dissertação tem a ambição de identificar os problemas levantados pela crise
migratória e explanar como a União Europeia tentou responder de modo concertado entre
os seus membros. O trabalho tenta ainda verificar como os diferentes Estados-membro
atuaram unilateralmente. Mais ainda, a dissertação tentará observar como a própria
Política de Asilo da União Europeia evoluiu ou não, fruto das ações, por um lado,
unilaterais de Estados soberanos, e por outro, como organização comunitária.
The syrian civil war, the violent demonstrations and deprivation of basic living conditions in the region of North Africa and the Middle East have provoked the largest number of refugees and displaced persons since World War II. Most of these people have tried to find security in the Member States of the European Union. This has led to the worst migratory crisis on the European continent since 1945. The calamitous situation, especially in peripheral countries, has led to certain ways of acting not being in accordance with european legislation. This has provoked criticism by several humanitarian organizations that raised objections to the way refugees and migrants were being received in several Member States. The European Union's Asylum Policy has been put to the test and this policy has been criticized for not being up to the various challenges created by the number of people who have reached the European continent. In this sense, throughout the crisis, this policy had to evolve and adapt to be able to deal with the various problems that have afflicted the European Union and its Member States. This dissertation has the ambition of identifying the problems raised by the migratory crisis and explaining how the European Union tried to respond in a concerted way among its members. The paper also attempts to verify how the different Member States acted unilaterally. Moreover, the dissertation will try to see how the European Union's own asylum policy has evolved or not, as a result of the unilateral actions of sovereign states and, on the other hand, as a community organization.
The syrian civil war, the violent demonstrations and deprivation of basic living conditions in the region of North Africa and the Middle East have provoked the largest number of refugees and displaced persons since World War II. Most of these people have tried to find security in the Member States of the European Union. This has led to the worst migratory crisis on the European continent since 1945. The calamitous situation, especially in peripheral countries, has led to certain ways of acting not being in accordance with european legislation. This has provoked criticism by several humanitarian organizations that raised objections to the way refugees and migrants were being received in several Member States. The European Union's Asylum Policy has been put to the test and this policy has been criticized for not being up to the various challenges created by the number of people who have reached the European continent. In this sense, throughout the crisis, this policy had to evolve and adapt to be able to deal with the various problems that have afflicted the European Union and its Member States. This dissertation has the ambition of identifying the problems raised by the migratory crisis and explaining how the European Union tried to respond in a concerted way among its members. The paper also attempts to verify how the different Member States acted unilaterally. Moreover, the dissertation will try to see how the European Union's own asylum policy has evolved or not, as a result of the unilateral actions of sovereign states and, on the other hand, as a community organization.
Description
Keywords
União Europeia Estados-membro Crise migratória Política de asilo Refugiados Direitos humanos Burden sharing Integração europeia European Union Member states Migrant crisis Asylum policy Refugees Human rights European integration