Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: No que concerne à saúde oral, diversos factores devem estar presentes como a
prevenção e a promoção de saúde oral, realização de bons hábitos de higiene oral e um estilo
de vida saudável. O paciente com deficiência mental, devido às suas dificuldades físicas e
mentais, irá inevitalvelmente ter complicações acrescidas na conjugação destes factores. São
um grupo de pessoas com maus hábitos de higiene oral ou practicamente inexistentes e cujo
atendimento clínico se torna um desafio devido à imprevisibilidade dos seus comportamentos.
Objectivos: O objectivo deste estudo consistiu na realização de um rastreio de saúde oral na
Associação Profissional de Pais e Amigos do Cidadão com Deficiência Mental (APPACDM)
em pacientes com diversas patologias do foro mental, para avaliação específica do Índice
CPOD e Índice de Placa de Silness e Löe. Por outro lado, efectuámos um questionário aos
enfermeiros e auxiliares de acção directa, com questões relacionadas ao seu conhecimento
sobre saúde oral e aplicação do mesmo nos pacientes da associação em causa.
Participantes e Métodos: Realizámos um estudo-piloto desenhado como sendo um estudo
epidemiológico observacional transversal onde avaliámos uma amostra de pacientes com
diversas patologias mentais e com idades compreendidas entre os doze e os cinquenta e oito
anos da APPACDM. Foram avaliados 138 pacientes através de um exame clínico para análise
do Índice CPOD e Índice de Placa de Silness e Löe, sendo apenas incluídos 120 indivíduos.
Foram distribuídos quarenta questionários aos enfermeiros e auxiliares de acção directa desta
associação para avaliação dos conhecimentos acerca de saúde oral, mas apenas foram
recolhidos dezoito.
Resultados: Dos 120 indivíduos observados 66,7% eram do sexo masculino e 33,3% do sexo
feminino. A idade média foi de 31,4 ± 10,97 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 8 (6,7%)
pacientes com Autismo, 11 (9,2%) com Síndrome de Down, 57 (47,5%) com Défice
Cognitivo e 44 (36,7%) com Deficiência Mental sem diagnóstico da patologia específica.
Neste estudo observou-se que a média de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados foi de 8,70 ±
6,28, em que 72 (60%) dos pacientes tinham um Índice CPOD ≥7. A média de dentes cariados
foi de 3,70 ± 3,788, de dentes perdidos 3,85 ± 5,409 e de dentes obturados 1,17 ± 1,81. Em
relação ao Índice de Placa de Silness e Löe 87 (72,5%) dos indivíduos observados tinham um
registo de código 2 (Placa visível no sulco gengival e superfície dentária).
Conclusões: Pacientes com deficiência mental necessitam de maiores cuidados a nível de
saúde oral, muito devido pela sua incapacidade física para efectuar hábitos correctos de
higiene oral e na maioria dos casos pela incompreensão intelectual absoluta do conceito em questão e do quão é importante para a sua saúde em geral. Foi possível observar através do
exame clínico realizado, um nível elevado de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados e presença
de doença periodontal. É necessário uma maior adopção de medidas preventivas nestes
pacientes desde o seu nascimento de forma a se prevenir complicações futuras inevitáveis.
Background: Concerning oral health, many factors are present, such as prevention and promotion of oral health, good oral hygiene habits and a healthy life style. The patient with mental illness, due to their mental and physical challenges, will have some increased complications on the conjugation of all those parameters. It´s a group of people with inadequate or practically nonexistent oral hygiene habits, and the clinical attendance becomes a challenge due to their unpredictable behaviors. Objectives: The aim of this study was the assessment of the oral health situation at the Professional Association of Parents and Friends of the Citizen with Mental Illness (APPACDM) in patients with different mental disabilities, to make a specific evaluation of the DMFT index and Silness and Löe Index. A questionnaire was applied to the nurses and auxiliary staff, with questions concerning their knowledge about oral health, and the application of that same knowledge in the patients of this association. Participants and Methods: We conducted a pilot study designed as a cross-sectional epidemiological study where we evaluated a sample of patients with diverse pathologies, aged twelve to fifty eight years old of the APPACDM. We evaluated 138 patients through a clinical examination for analysis of the DMFT index and plaque index of Silness and Löe, but only 120 individuals were included in the study. Forty questionnaires were distributed to the nurses and auxiliary staff of this institution to evaluate their knowledge about oral health, but only twenty were collected. Results: From the 120 individuals observed, 66,7% were male and 33, 3% female. The mean age was 31,4 ± 10,967 years. The sample of patients was formed by 8 (6,7%) patients with Autism, 11 (9,2%) with Down Syndrome, 57 (47,5%) with Cognitive Deficit and 44 (36,7%) with a Mental Disability without a specific diagnostic of the pathology. In this study the average of decayed, lost and sealed teeth was 8,70 ± 6,28, where 72 (60%) patients had a DMFT Index ≥7. The average of decayed teeth was 3,70 ± 3,788, of missing teeth 3,85 ± 5,409 and filled teeth 1,17 ± 1,81. Relative to the Silness and Löe Plaque Index 87 (72,5%) of the individuals had a register code of 2 (Visible plaque in the gingival sulcus and dental surface). Conclusions: Patients with mental disabilities required higher oral healthcare, much due to their physical inability to perform correct oral health habits and in most cases due to the complete intellectual incomprehension of this concept and the importance that this is to the general health of a person. It was possible to observe the high level of decayed, missing and filled teeth and the presence of periodontal disease. It is required a greater adoption of preventive measures in these patients since birth, so it can be possible to prevent future and inevitable complications.
Background: Concerning oral health, many factors are present, such as prevention and promotion of oral health, good oral hygiene habits and a healthy life style. The patient with mental illness, due to their mental and physical challenges, will have some increased complications on the conjugation of all those parameters. It´s a group of people with inadequate or practically nonexistent oral hygiene habits, and the clinical attendance becomes a challenge due to their unpredictable behaviors. Objectives: The aim of this study was the assessment of the oral health situation at the Professional Association of Parents and Friends of the Citizen with Mental Illness (APPACDM) in patients with different mental disabilities, to make a specific evaluation of the DMFT index and Silness and Löe Index. A questionnaire was applied to the nurses and auxiliary staff, with questions concerning their knowledge about oral health, and the application of that same knowledge in the patients of this association. Participants and Methods: We conducted a pilot study designed as a cross-sectional epidemiological study where we evaluated a sample of patients with diverse pathologies, aged twelve to fifty eight years old of the APPACDM. We evaluated 138 patients through a clinical examination for analysis of the DMFT index and plaque index of Silness and Löe, but only 120 individuals were included in the study. Forty questionnaires were distributed to the nurses and auxiliary staff of this institution to evaluate their knowledge about oral health, but only twenty were collected. Results: From the 120 individuals observed, 66,7% were male and 33, 3% female. The mean age was 31,4 ± 10,967 years. The sample of patients was formed by 8 (6,7%) patients with Autism, 11 (9,2%) with Down Syndrome, 57 (47,5%) with Cognitive Deficit and 44 (36,7%) with a Mental Disability without a specific diagnostic of the pathology. In this study the average of decayed, lost and sealed teeth was 8,70 ± 6,28, where 72 (60%) patients had a DMFT Index ≥7. The average of decayed teeth was 3,70 ± 3,788, of missing teeth 3,85 ± 5,409 and filled teeth 1,17 ± 1,81. Relative to the Silness and Löe Plaque Index 87 (72,5%) of the individuals had a register code of 2 (Visible plaque in the gingival sulcus and dental surface). Conclusions: Patients with mental disabilities required higher oral healthcare, much due to their physical inability to perform correct oral health habits and in most cases due to the complete intellectual incomprehension of this concept and the importance that this is to the general health of a person. It was possible to observe the high level of decayed, missing and filled teeth and the presence of periodontal disease. It is required a greater adoption of preventive measures in these patients since birth, so it can be possible to prevent future and inevitable complications.