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A Rússia, desde as suas origens, empreendeu uma política expansionista que a tornou num Império multiétnico, dificultando a construção da sua identidade. Os processos de russificação, ocidentalização e asiatização são tentativas de construir esta identidade. O século XX trouxe uma revolução comunista com a qual, a russificação e a ocidentalização combinaram-se num processo que podemos definir como sovietização. A sovietização foi a base da construção de uma nova identidade, não só na Rússia mas também na Ásia Central, zona geográfica que não contava com nenhum Estado e foi alvo de um intenso processo de Nation-Building. O colapso soviético tornou estes Estados independentes e estes continuaram a sua construção identitária longe de Moscovo. O século XXI apresenta-se como multipolar e a Rússia deseja recuperar o seu lugar no mundo. Para tal, precisa de definir uma identidade nova e ser capaz de manter uma posição de liderança na Ásia Central, na qual se encontram muitos dos recursos energéticos de que precisa. A utilização correcta do seu hard e soft power e a capacidade de lidar com os novos concorrentes, EUA e China, será definitiva para conseguir alcançar os seus objectivos.
Since its origins, Russia has followed expansionist policies, and quickly became a multi-ethnical Empire, making it difficult to build a national identity. The processes of Russification, Westernization and Asiatization attempt to build that identity. The twentieth century brought to Russia a communist revolution in which russification and westernization merged into what we can call sovietization. Sovietization became the basis, in which a new identity was forged, not only for Russia but for Central Asia as well. An intense process of Nation-Building was applied into this geographical area and new States were created for the first time. The downfall of the Soviet Union allowed these States to become independent, and they began to build a new identity away from Moscow. On this new century, Russia wishes to regain its place as a major player of the international community. In order to achieve it, is imperative to construct a new identity for itself, and be able to sustain a leadership position on the Central Asian region, in which most of the energetic resources needed can be find. The correct use of hard and soft power tools, as well as the ability of dealing with new strategic adversaries – USA and China – will be crucial in order to achieve its goals.
Since its origins, Russia has followed expansionist policies, and quickly became a multi-ethnical Empire, making it difficult to build a national identity. The processes of Russification, Westernization and Asiatization attempt to build that identity. The twentieth century brought to Russia a communist revolution in which russification and westernization merged into what we can call sovietization. Sovietization became the basis, in which a new identity was forged, not only for Russia but for Central Asia as well. An intense process of Nation-Building was applied into this geographical area and new States were created for the first time. The downfall of the Soviet Union allowed these States to become independent, and they began to build a new identity away from Moscow. On this new century, Russia wishes to regain its place as a major player of the international community. In order to achieve it, is imperative to construct a new identity for itself, and be able to sustain a leadership position on the Central Asian region, in which most of the energetic resources needed can be find. The correct use of hard and soft power tools, as well as the ability of dealing with new strategic adversaries – USA and China – will be crucial in order to achieve its goals.
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Rússia Identidade Russificação Ocidentalização Asiatização Ásia Central Nation-Building Identity Russification Westernization Asiatization Central Asia Russia