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Ao longo dos últimos anos o Brasil tem vindo a afirmar-se no panorama internacional como uma das potências emergentes. Tal facto não é uma decorrência do acaso mas antes o resultado da implementação de uma visão estratégica de longo prazo para a qual a política externa brasileira foi determinante. Os esforços da diplomacia brasileira em torno da promoção do Mercosul e do conceito de América do Sul foram elementos constituintes desta iniciativa a qual visou a criação de uma plataforma intermédia anterior à inserção do Brasil na economia global. Paralelamente, a política externa brasileira na Era Cardoso visou igualmente o estabelecimento de regras multilaterais e instituições do tipo liberal, face ao processo de globalização em curso. Pretendia-se a reconquista de confiança dos parceiros internacionais, face aos problemas financeiros que tinham marcado a década anterior no país, o que conduziu
à importância de uma estratégia centrada na “credibilidade”. Com Lula da Silva, os esforços centraram-se na diversificação de parcerias e na construção de nova geometria do poder mundial, na qual as relações fossem menos assimétricas entre os países ricos e os países pobres. A elaboração de um pensamento estratégico volta hoje a ser o principal desafio do Itamaraty de forma a sustentar os ganhos alcançados, ao nível económico e político, no recente contexto internacional.
Over the recent years, Brazil has been recognized as one of the new emerging powers. This achievement is not an arbitrary outcome, but the result of a long-term strategy, in which Brazilian foreign policy was a key piece. The efforts done by the Brazilian diplomacy to promote Mercosul and the ideational concept of South America were crucial elements of this strategy aiming to create an intermediary platform before the entrance of Brazil in the global economy. Alongside, during Cardoso era, the Brazilian foreign policy also aimed the establishment of multilateral rules and liberal-type institutions on the back of the underlying globalization process. The end goal of this policy would be to re-conquer trust from the international partners, since the previous decade had been characterized by severe financial problems in Brazil, which led to the importance of a strategy based on “credibility”. With Lula da Silva, the main goals of foreign policy were reoriented to the diversification of partnerships and to the construction of a new global order, in which the relations between rich and poor countries would be less asymmetric. The formulation of a strategic plan today is again the main challenge for Itamaraty in order to sustain the achieved gains, at the economic and political level, in the recent international context.
Over the recent years, Brazil has been recognized as one of the new emerging powers. This achievement is not an arbitrary outcome, but the result of a long-term strategy, in which Brazilian foreign policy was a key piece. The efforts done by the Brazilian diplomacy to promote Mercosul and the ideational concept of South America were crucial elements of this strategy aiming to create an intermediary platform before the entrance of Brazil in the global economy. Alongside, during Cardoso era, the Brazilian foreign policy also aimed the establishment of multilateral rules and liberal-type institutions on the back of the underlying globalization process. The end goal of this policy would be to re-conquer trust from the international partners, since the previous decade had been characterized by severe financial problems in Brazil, which led to the importance of a strategy based on “credibility”. With Lula da Silva, the main goals of foreign policy were reoriented to the diversification of partnerships and to the construction of a new global order, in which the relations between rich and poor countries would be less asymmetric. The formulation of a strategic plan today is again the main challenge for Itamaraty in order to sustain the achieved gains, at the economic and political level, in the recent international context.
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Brasil Política externa Cardoso e Lula da Silva Brazil Foreign policy Cardoso and Lula da Silva