Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como principais objetivos a compreensão e a análise da técnica visual Cel shading, quer na indústria digital de animação, quer na de videojogos. Cel shading é uma técnica visual de animação, que permite emular ilustrações, ou desenhos, em gráficos 3D, que devidamente animados, formam vários constituintes das indústrias de animação e de videojogos. Ao longo desta dissertação é realizada uma contextualização histórica da animação, analisando diversas técnicas e processos que levaram à sua evolução, desde o celuloide até à era digital. Aqui é dando especial ênfase a determinados filmes revolucionários de cada época, fundamentais para a evolução das técnicas de animação utilizadas desde então. Além dos filmes e séries televisivas, é também realizada uma síntese dos videojogos mais relevantes, que usam, ou usaram, esta técnica visual, pois permite emular o estilo visual de banda desenhada. Os exemplos mais marcantes de cada tipo são: (i) em séries televisivas: “The Simpsons” (1989 – presente), “Futurama” (1999 – 2003) e “Family Guy” (1999 – presente); (ii) em filmes de animação: “Animatrix” (2003), “Ghost in the Shell” (1989) e “The Iron Giant” (1999); (iii) e em videojogos: “Jet Set Radio”, “XIII”, “The Legend Of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass”, ”The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker”.
Simultaneamente ao desenvolvimento da presente dissertação foi produzida uma curta-metragem de animação para a empresa de telecomunicações Optimus. Esta pretende descrever, através de metáforas e estilos visuais apelativos, a viagem de uma mensagem de texto e todos os processos inerentes ao seu envio e receção. Ao se optar por realizar esta curta-metragem, foram analisados vários estilos visuais muito próprios. De todos os estilos analisados, o escolhido para a curta-metragem realizada foi o Cel shading.
A interação com um cliente real exige a constante transformação, segundo as suas decisões. Uma das modificações aplicadas a esta dissertação foi o estilo visual escolhido. Invés da técnica visual Cel shading, o estilo visual adotado para a curta-metragem de animação produzido foi um estilo mais realista, baseado em imagens de High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRi).
The present dissertation has as main objective the understanding and analysis of the visual technique Cel shading, either on the digital animation industry, or in the video games industry. Cel shading is a visual animation technique that can emulate illustrations, or drawings, in 3D graphics. Those illustrations, when fully animated, can form various elements of the animation industries and video games. Throughout this dissertation is held a historical context of animation, analysing different techniques and processes that led to its evolution, since the celluloid to the digital era, with emphasis on certain revolutionary films of each era, fundamental for the evolution of the techniques used since. Apart from films and television series, is also carried out a synthesis of the most important videogames that use, or have used, this visual technique, because it allows emulating the visual style of comics. The most remarkable examples of each type are: (i) in television series "The Simpsons" (1989 – present), "Futurama" (from 1999 to 2003) and "Family Guy" (1999 – present); (ii) in animation films "Animatrix" (2003), "Ghost in the Shell" (1989) and "The Iron Giant" (1999); (iii) and in videogames, "Jet Set Radio", "XIII", "The Legend Of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass" and "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker". Simultaneously with the development of this dissertation, it was produced a short animated film for the Portuguese telecommunications company Optimus. This animation intended to describe, through metaphors and appealing visual styles, the journey of a short text message (SMS); and all the processes inherent on its sending and receiving. For the production of this short film, the authors analysed several visual styles. Of all the styles analysed, the chosen for the short film was the technique Cel shading. The interaction with a real client requires a constant change, based on its decisions. One of those modifications applied to this thesis was the visual style chosen. Instead of the visual technique Cel shading, the adopted visual style for the short animated film produced was a more realistic, based in images from High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRi).
The present dissertation has as main objective the understanding and analysis of the visual technique Cel shading, either on the digital animation industry, or in the video games industry. Cel shading is a visual animation technique that can emulate illustrations, or drawings, in 3D graphics. Those illustrations, when fully animated, can form various elements of the animation industries and video games. Throughout this dissertation is held a historical context of animation, analysing different techniques and processes that led to its evolution, since the celluloid to the digital era, with emphasis on certain revolutionary films of each era, fundamental for the evolution of the techniques used since. Apart from films and television series, is also carried out a synthesis of the most important videogames that use, or have used, this visual technique, because it allows emulating the visual style of comics. The most remarkable examples of each type are: (i) in television series "The Simpsons" (1989 – present), "Futurama" (from 1999 to 2003) and "Family Guy" (1999 – present); (ii) in animation films "Animatrix" (2003), "Ghost in the Shell" (1989) and "The Iron Giant" (1999); (iii) and in videogames, "Jet Set Radio", "XIII", "The Legend Of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass" and "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker". Simultaneously with the development of this dissertation, it was produced a short animated film for the Portuguese telecommunications company Optimus. This animation intended to describe, through metaphors and appealing visual styles, the journey of a short text message (SMS); and all the processes inherent on its sending and receiving. For the production of this short film, the authors analysed several visual styles. Of all the styles analysed, the chosen for the short film was the technique Cel shading. The interaction with a real client requires a constant change, based on its decisions. One of those modifications applied to this thesis was the visual style chosen. Instead of the visual technique Cel shading, the adopted visual style for the short animated film produced was a more realistic, based in images from High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRi).
Description
Keywords
Cel shading Animação 3D Técnica visual Celuloide HDRi Optimus 3D animation Visual technique Celluloid