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Introdução: A dispneia é dos sintomas mais frequentes em cuidados paliativos. É um sintoma cuja especificidade se associa às suas características subjetivas. Por esta razão, a sua avaliação constitui-se como um desafio para profissionais de saúde e familiares. As estratégias não farmacológicas têm-se demonstrado eficazes enquanto complemento ou alternativa às medidas farmacológicas na gestão sintomática. A musicoterapia é uma terapia não farmacológica que visa a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes em todas as dimensões. O objetivo deste projeto, foi identificar o efeito da musicoterapia na gestão da dispneia nos doentes com necessidades paliativas. Metodologia: Foi conduzida uma scoping review seguindo as orientações da Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e realizada uma pesquisa em diversas bases de dados eletrónicas: Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, MedicLatina e Web of Science. Foi realizada adicionalmente uma análise da bibliografia dos estudos incluídos. Foram incluídos artigos que documentassem o efeito da musicoterapia na dispneia em doentes adultos com necessidades paliativas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 13 artigos, que incluíram uma diversidade de metodologias: estudos qualitativos, quantitativos, mistos, revisões da literatura, numa variedade de contextos (ambulatório, consulta ou internamento). Os resultados encontrados sugerem uma tendência para a redução da dispneia após a intervenção de musicoterapia, embora em alguns deles não se tenham obtido resultados estatisticamente significativos. Conclusões: Os achados mostraram-se relevantes ao identificarem o benefício da utilização da musicoterapia na dispneia em doentes com necessidades paliativas, sem significância estatística. Por esta razão, há ainda caminho a percorrer até estas intervenções poderem ser aplicadas na prática clínica e fundamentadas pela evidência científica, sugerindo-se novos estudos nesta área. Ao ser uma intervenção sem prejuízo associado ao doente, sugere-se a ponderação da sua aplicação, de forma apropriada, na gestão deste sintoma, tendo em conta a possibilidade do seu benefício.
Introduction: Dyspnea is one of the most frequent symptoms in palliative care. It is a symptom whose specificity is associated with its subjective characteristics. For this reason, its assessment poses a challenge for healthcare professionals and family members. Non-pharmacological strategies have been shown to be effective as a complement or an alternative to pharmacological measures in symptomatic management. Music therapy is a non-pharmacological therapy aimed at improving the quality of life of patients across all dimensions. The objective of this project was to identify the effect of music therapy on the management of dyspnea in patients with palliative needs. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and a search was carried out in various electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MedicLatina, and Web of Science. Additionally, a bibliographic analysis of the included studies was performed. Articles documenting the effect of music therapy on dyspnea in adult patients with palliative needs were included. Results: Thirteen articles were included that encompassed a diversity of methodologies: qualitative, quantitative, mixed studies, and literature reviews across a variety of contexts (outpatient, consultation, or hospitalization). The results suggest a trend toward a reduction in dyspnea following music therapy intervention, although some studies did not yield statistically significant results. Conclusions: The findings were relevant in identifying the benefit of using music therapy for dyspnea in patients with palliative needs, despite lacking statistical significance. For this reason, there is still a way to go before these interventions can be applied in clinical practice and backed by scientific evidence, suggesting the need for further studies in this area. As it is an intervention with no associated harm to the patient, its appropriate application in managing this symptom is recommended, considering the possibility of its benefit.
Introduction: Dyspnea is one of the most frequent symptoms in palliative care. It is a symptom whose specificity is associated with its subjective characteristics. For this reason, its assessment poses a challenge for healthcare professionals and family members. Non-pharmacological strategies have been shown to be effective as a complement or an alternative to pharmacological measures in symptomatic management. Music therapy is a non-pharmacological therapy aimed at improving the quality of life of patients across all dimensions. The objective of this project was to identify the effect of music therapy on the management of dyspnea in patients with palliative needs. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and a search was carried out in various electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MedicLatina, and Web of Science. Additionally, a bibliographic analysis of the included studies was performed. Articles documenting the effect of music therapy on dyspnea in adult patients with palliative needs were included. Results: Thirteen articles were included that encompassed a diversity of methodologies: qualitative, quantitative, mixed studies, and literature reviews across a variety of contexts (outpatient, consultation, or hospitalization). The results suggest a trend toward a reduction in dyspnea following music therapy intervention, although some studies did not yield statistically significant results. Conclusions: The findings were relevant in identifying the benefit of using music therapy for dyspnea in patients with palliative needs, despite lacking statistical significance. For this reason, there is still a way to go before these interventions can be applied in clinical practice and backed by scientific evidence, suggesting the need for further studies in this area. As it is an intervention with no associated harm to the patient, its appropriate application in managing this symptom is recommended, considering the possibility of its benefit.
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Keywords
Música Musicoterapia Cuidados paliativos Dispneia Music Musicotherapy Palliative care Dyspnea