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Abstract(s)
A população idosa em Portugal tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos, aumentando
também quem vive só ou em companhia exclusiva de pessoas também idosas. No
processo natural do envelhecimento ocorrem mudanças frequentes que interferem com a
autonomia e a independência, que influenciam a manutenção e gestão da saúde. Com o
aumento da idade aumentam também as doenças crónicas e por sua vez aumenta o
número de fármacos prescritos. Uma gestão ineficaz do regime medicamentoso tem
consequências, muitas vezes graves, no estado de saúde das pessoas. Há fatores
conhecidos que influenciam o êxito da eficácia da gestão do regime medicamentoso,
como as estratégias adotadas no cumprimento das prescrições, o estado físico e mental e
as pessoas envolvidas no processo de aprendizagem.
Com este estudo pretendeu-se conhecer as estratégias adotadas em agregados familiares
de pessoas com 80 ou mais anos de idade na gestão do seu regime medicamentoso, com
um estudo tipo Observacional Transversal. A recolha de dados realizou-se através da
entrevista, no contexto domiciliar com aplicação de um formulário, constituído por
escalas utilizadas e validadas na população portuguesa.
Os sessenta participantes incluídos no estudo tinham, em média, 85,2 anos e 58,3%
eram do sexo feminino, na maioria casados, com baixo nível de instrução e da classe
média. Verificou-se que 78% eram independentes nas atividades de vida diária, 63,3%
moderadamente dependentes nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária e 26,7%
apresentavam défice cognitivo. A maioria (68,3%) tinha uma Auto perceção do estado
de saúde como “razoável”. Verificou-se que o grupo terapêutico de fármacos mais
utilizados eram os Antihipertensores, Antidislipidémicos Anticoagulantes e
Benzodiazepinas. Grande parte (45,0%) estavam polimedicados e em média tomavam 6
fármacos diferentes por dia que implicavam a toma média de 7,5 comprimidos por dia,
prescritos e em 35,0% dos casos por 2 a 3 prescritores, havendo dois casos com mais de
5 prescritores. Verificou-se uma correlação estatisticamente significativa nas seguintes
associações de variáveis: estado cognitivo com a autonomia e com as estratégias
adotadas na gestão do regime medicamentoso, adesão terapêutica e razões que levam a
não tomar a medicação, dificuldades na toma da medicação e o APGAR familiar.
Conclui-se que a gestão do regime medicamentoso está associada a algumas
características das pessoas e a sua ineficácia associada a barreiras que devem ser identificadas pelos profissionais que os acompanham. Sugere-se um acompanhamento
personalizado que inclua a supervisão permanente da adesão e gestão dos regimes
medicamentos em pessoas de idade mais avançada que vivem sozinhas.
Portugal has seen a rise in its aging population in recent years, increasing also the elderly population living alone or in the sole company of other elderly people. In the natural process of aging, frequent changes occur that interfere with autonomy and independence, which influence the maintenance and management of health. With increasing age, chronic diseases also increase and in turn increase the number of drugs prescribed. Inefficient management of the drug regimen has often serious consequences on people's health. There are known factors that influence the success of drug management effectiveness, such as adherence strategies, physical and mental status, and people involved in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to understand the strategies adopted in the household of people aged 80 years or above in the management of their drug regimen, with a cross sectional observational study. The data collection was done through the interview in the home context, with application of a form, consisting of scales used and validated in the Portuguese population. The sixty participants included in the study had a mean of 85.2 years and 58.3% were female, mostly married, low-educated and middle-class. It was found that 78% were independent in day-to-day activities, 63.3% were moderately dependent on instrumental activities of daily living and 26.7% had cognitive deficits. Most (68.3%) had a selfperceived health status as "reasonable". It was found that the most used therapeutic group of drugs were the Antihypertensives, Antidyslipidemics, Anticoagulants and Benzodiazepines. A large proportion (45.0%) were polymedicated and on average took 6 different drugs per day, which involved the average intake of 7.5 tablets per day, prescribed in 35.0% of the cases by 2 to 3 prescribers and 2 cases had more than 5 prescribers. There was a statistically significant correlation in the following associations of variables: cognitive status with autonomy and with the strategies adopted in the management of the drug regimen, therapeutic adherence and reasons that lead to not taking the medication, difficulties in taking the medication and the family APGAR. It is concluded that the management of the drug regimen is associated with some characteristics of the people and its inefficacy associated with barriers that must be identified by the professionals that accompany them. A personalized follow-up is suggested, including permanent supervision of adherence and management of drug regimens in older people living alone.
Portugal has seen a rise in its aging population in recent years, increasing also the elderly population living alone or in the sole company of other elderly people. In the natural process of aging, frequent changes occur that interfere with autonomy and independence, which influence the maintenance and management of health. With increasing age, chronic diseases also increase and in turn increase the number of drugs prescribed. Inefficient management of the drug regimen has often serious consequences on people's health. There are known factors that influence the success of drug management effectiveness, such as adherence strategies, physical and mental status, and people involved in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to understand the strategies adopted in the household of people aged 80 years or above in the management of their drug regimen, with a cross sectional observational study. The data collection was done through the interview in the home context, with application of a form, consisting of scales used and validated in the Portuguese population. The sixty participants included in the study had a mean of 85.2 years and 58.3% were female, mostly married, low-educated and middle-class. It was found that 78% were independent in day-to-day activities, 63.3% were moderately dependent on instrumental activities of daily living and 26.7% had cognitive deficits. Most (68.3%) had a selfperceived health status as "reasonable". It was found that the most used therapeutic group of drugs were the Antihypertensives, Antidyslipidemics, Anticoagulants and Benzodiazepines. A large proportion (45.0%) were polymedicated and on average took 6 different drugs per day, which involved the average intake of 7.5 tablets per day, prescribed in 35.0% of the cases by 2 to 3 prescribers and 2 cases had more than 5 prescribers. There was a statistically significant correlation in the following associations of variables: cognitive status with autonomy and with the strategies adopted in the management of the drug regimen, therapeutic adherence and reasons that lead to not taking the medication, difficulties in taking the medication and the family APGAR. It is concluded that the management of the drug regimen is associated with some characteristics of the people and its inefficacy associated with barriers that must be identified by the professionals that accompany them. A personalized follow-up is suggested, including permanent supervision of adherence and management of drug regimens in older people living alone.
Description
Keywords
Idoso Gestão Regime Medicamentoso Elderly Management Regimen Drug therapy