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Determinantes da qualidade de vida de pessoas com dependência alcoólica e familiares
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O interesse na avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (QV) tem crescido substancialmente nos últimos anos. A Síndrome de Dependência do Álcool (SDA) e as suas consequências constituem um sério problema para a saúde pública, representando um alto custo social e comprometendo diversas áreas da saúde e da QV da pessoa com SDA e dos familiares, havendo poucos estudos de enfermagem nesta área. Objetivos: Com este estudo pretendeu-se analisar as inter-relações entre alguns fatores determinantes da QV, tais como a Representação Cognitiva e Emocional da Doença (RCED), a Satisfação com o Suporte Social (SSS) e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stresse (VS), em pessoas com SDA e em familiares, com vista a fornecer algumas diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de intervenção em enfermagem. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo, transversal e correlacional. As duas amostras de conveniência foram constituídas por 444 pessoas com SDA e 200 familiares, tendo sido utilizados, como instrumentos, o questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, o Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS), o Questionário de Vulnerabilidade ao Stresse (23QVS) e a Escala de Perceção do Estado de Saúde (SF-36v2) para avaliar a QV. Resultados: A perceção de QV das pessoas com SDA foi globalmente mais baixa do que a dos familiares. Os resultados apontaram para uma relação entre as variáveis estudadas, confirmando-se a importância destas para a QV das pessoas com SDA e dos familiares. Mostraram ainda que, em geral, a perceção cognitiva e emocional da SDA, assim como a satisfação com o suporte social e a vulnerabilidade ao stresse, devem ser tidas em consideração no desenho de estratégias de intervenção em enfermagem, com o objetivo fundamental de manter ou melhorar a QV. Procurou-se também explicar o comportamento em saúde, na SDA, com base no modelo de autorregulação do comportamento de Leventhal. Conclusões: O estudo das determinantes da QV das pessoas com SDA e dos familiares demonstrou a complexidade das intervenções que são necessárias para manter e/ou melhorar a sua QV. Foi ainda evidente a influência da família na QV dos indivíduos com SDA, sendo, por isso, importante sustentar as intervenções numa abordagem sistémica, com um enquadramento multidimensional e multidisciplinar. Apresentaram-se também alguns contributos para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de intervenção em enfermagem e propostos alguns trabalhos de investigação futura.
The interest in evaluating Quality of Life (QL) has grown substantially in the last few years. Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and its consequences constitute a serious public health problem, representing a high social cost and compromising several areas of health and the QL of the person with ADS and their family members, with few nursing studies in this area. Goals: The aim of this study was to analyse the inter-relationships among some determining factors of QL, such as Cognitive and Emotional Representation of the Illness (CERI), Satisfaction with Social Support (SSS) and Vulnerability to Stress (VS), in persons with ADS and family members, aimed at supplying some directives for the development of a model for nursing intervention. Method: This was a quantitative, descriptive, transversal and corelational study. The two convenience samples consisted of 444 persons with ADS and 200 family members, using as instruments the socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), the Scale of Satisfaction with Social Support (SSSS), the Stress Vulnerability Questionnaire (23QLS) and the Scale of Perception of the Status of Health (SF-36v2) to evaluate the QL. Results: The perception of the QL of persons with ADS was universally lower than that of their family members. The results point to a relationship among the variables studies, confirming their importance for the QL of persons with ADS and their family members. They also showed that, generally, the cognitive and emotional perception of ADS, as well as satisfaction with social support and vulnerability to stress, should be considered in designing intervention strategies in nursing, with the objective of maintaining or improving QL. There was also an attempt to explain the health behaviour, in ADS, based on the model of behavioural self-regulation by Leventhal. Conclusions: The study of the determining factors of the QL of persons with ADS and their family members showed the complexity of the interventions needed to maintain and/or improve their QL. The influence of the family on the QL of individuals with ADS was also evident. Thus, it is important to sustain interventions in a systemic approach, within a multidimensional and multi-disciplinary framework. Also presented were come contributions to the development of a model of nursing intervention and some proposals were made for future research work.
The interest in evaluating Quality of Life (QL) has grown substantially in the last few years. Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and its consequences constitute a serious public health problem, representing a high social cost and compromising several areas of health and the QL of the person with ADS and their family members, with few nursing studies in this area. Goals: The aim of this study was to analyse the inter-relationships among some determining factors of QL, such as Cognitive and Emotional Representation of the Illness (CERI), Satisfaction with Social Support (SSS) and Vulnerability to Stress (VS), in persons with ADS and family members, aimed at supplying some directives for the development of a model for nursing intervention. Method: This was a quantitative, descriptive, transversal and corelational study. The two convenience samples consisted of 444 persons with ADS and 200 family members, using as instruments the socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), the Scale of Satisfaction with Social Support (SSSS), the Stress Vulnerability Questionnaire (23QLS) and the Scale of Perception of the Status of Health (SF-36v2) to evaluate the QL. Results: The perception of the QL of persons with ADS was universally lower than that of their family members. The results point to a relationship among the variables studies, confirming their importance for the QL of persons with ADS and their family members. They also showed that, generally, the cognitive and emotional perception of ADS, as well as satisfaction with social support and vulnerability to stress, should be considered in designing intervention strategies in nursing, with the objective of maintaining or improving QL. There was also an attempt to explain the health behaviour, in ADS, based on the model of behavioural self-regulation by Leventhal. Conclusions: The study of the determining factors of the QL of persons with ADS and their family members showed the complexity of the interventions needed to maintain and/or improve their QL. The influence of the family on the QL of individuals with ADS was also evident. Thus, it is important to sustain interventions in a systemic approach, within a multidimensional and multi-disciplinary framework. Also presented were come contributions to the development of a model of nursing intervention and some proposals were made for future research work.
Description
Keywords
Qualidade de vida Síndrome de dependência do álcool Família Intervenção em enfermagem Quality of life Alcohol dependence syndrome Family Nursing intervention