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Abstract(s)
O vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (VIH/Sida) e uma das principais ameaças à vida humana, sendo que a vulnerabilidade da mulher é incontestável, principalmente em contextos desfavorecidos. Na África subsaariana as mulheres são as mais afetadas pelo VIH/Sida, numa proporção de infeção 4 vezes maior do que nos homens. Assim, é necessário aumentar o conhecimento dos fatores psicossociais e sociocognitivos ligados ao género, cultura e biologia que colocam a mulher em maior risco para o VIH/Sida. A literatura sugere que fatores como a vitimização, características da relação, problemas de saúde mental, história de cárcere e prostituição, nível de conhecimentos sobre a doença, crenças e competências relacionadas com a prática do sexo seguro, e a autoeficácia exercem influência sobre os comportamentos sexuais de risco para a infeção pelo VIH. A compreensão e análise destes fatores são essenciais no planeamento de estratégias interventivas mais realistas. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca dos fatores psicossociais e sociocognitivos que vulnerabilizam a mulher para o VIH/Sida, particularmente a mulher africana. São também levantadas questões de investigação que decorrem da análise da literatura neste domínio.
HIV/AIDS is a major threat to human life and the vulnerability of women is undeniable, especially in disadvantaged settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, women are the most affected by HIV/AIDS, in a proportion of infection four times higher than men. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to increase knowledge of which psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors may be related to gender, culture and biology thus placing women at greater risk for HIV/AIDS. The literature suggests that factors such as victimization, characteristics of the relationship, mental health problems, history of prison and prostitution; knowledge about HIV, beliefs and skills related to safe sex practices, and self-efficacy influence sexual risk behaviors linked to HIV infection. Examining these factors is essential to plan more realistic intervention strategies. This paper presents a literature review on the psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors that contribute to women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, particularly African women. The paper also addresses research questions that stem from the review of the literature in this field.
HIV/AIDS is a major threat to human life and the vulnerability of women is undeniable, especially in disadvantaged settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, women are the most affected by HIV/AIDS, in a proportion of infection four times higher than men. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to increase knowledge of which psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors may be related to gender, culture and biology thus placing women at greater risk for HIV/AIDS. The literature suggests that factors such as victimization, characteristics of the relationship, mental health problems, history of prison and prostitution; knowledge about HIV, beliefs and skills related to safe sex practices, and self-efficacy influence sexual risk behaviors linked to HIV infection. Examining these factors is essential to plan more realistic intervention strategies. This paper presents a literature review on the psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors that contribute to women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, particularly African women. The paper also addresses research questions that stem from the review of the literature in this field.
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Keywords
Vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida África Vulnerabilidade feminina Factores psicossociais Factores sócio‐cognitivo Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Africa Women's vulnerability Psychosocial factors Socio‐cognitive factors