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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As lesões orais brancas são um conjunto de condições com diversos fatores etiológicos, quadros clínicos, diagnósticos e tratamentos. O seu diagnóstico é essencial para diferenciar lesões potencialmente malignas (LPM’s) e evitar a evolução para casos de cancro oral, sobretudo em pessoas com baixo nível de saúde oral, como a população idosa institucionalizada.
Objetivos: Determinação da prevalência e características de lesões orais brancas na população idosa institucionalizada, assim como do nível de saúde oral e da relação entre estas lesões e fatores demográficos, sociais e associados à saúde sistémica e oral.
Materiais e métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico transversal com amostra de 64 idosos institucionalizados. Recolha de dados por questionário, inspeção intra-oral e registo fotográfico em casos pertinentes.
Resultados: A amostra em estudo tinha 52 idosos (81,25%) com pelo menos uma lesão branca; excluindo alterações de desenvolvimento, dito valor passa para 38 (59,37%). Constatou-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o nível de habilitações literárias e o número total de lesões brancas (p<0,05), e relação entre presença de lesões brancas hiperqueratóticas e relato de dificuldades na mastigação/deglutição (p<0,05). Tais relações podem-se justificar pela menor educação para a higiene oral e controlo de lesões, e fricção crónica de alimentos ou desajustes protéticos, respetivamente. É importante também a relação estaticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre evidência de secura oral e necessidade de tratamentos dentários.
Conclusões: É imperativo criar protocolos para a educação e promoção da saúde oral junto da população idosa institucionalizada relativamente às lesões orais brancas, mas também à saúde oral como um todo. As instituições devem receber os dados necessários para incentivar e auxiliar os utentes a encaminhar casos de LPM’s brancas e evitar quadros clínicos mais reservados.
Introduction: White oral lesions are a set of conditions with diverse etiological factors, clinical pictures, diagnoses and treatments. Its diagnosis is essential to differentiate potentially malignant lesions (PML's) and avoid the evolution to cases of oral cancer, especially in people with low oral health, such as the institutionalized elderly population. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of white oral lesions in the institutionalized elderly population, as well as the level of oral health and the relationship between these lesions and demographic, social, and systemic and oral health factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational epidemiological study with a sample of 64 institutionalized elderly was made. Collection of data was made by questionnaire, intra-oral inspection and photographic record in relevant cases. Results: The study sample had 52 elderly (81.25%) with at least one white lesion; excluding developmental changes, said value decreases to 38 (59.37%). A statistically significant relationship was found between literacy levels and the total number of white lesions (p <0.05), and a relationship between the presence of hyperkeratotic white lesions and report of difficulties in mastication/ deglutition (p <0.05). Such relationships can be justified by lesser education for oral hygiene and lesion control, and chronic food friction or prosthetic maladjustments, respectively. It’s also important to note the statistically significant (p <0.05) relationship between evidence of oral dryness and the need for dental treatments. Conclusions: It is imperative to establish protocols for the education and promotion of oral hygiene amongst the elderly institutionalized population regarding white oral lesions, but also oral health as a whole. Institutions should be given the data necessary to encourage and assist users to refer cases of white PMLs and avoid more reserved clinical settings.
Introduction: White oral lesions are a set of conditions with diverse etiological factors, clinical pictures, diagnoses and treatments. Its diagnosis is essential to differentiate potentially malignant lesions (PML's) and avoid the evolution to cases of oral cancer, especially in people with low oral health, such as the institutionalized elderly population. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of white oral lesions in the institutionalized elderly population, as well as the level of oral health and the relationship between these lesions and demographic, social, and systemic and oral health factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational epidemiological study with a sample of 64 institutionalized elderly was made. Collection of data was made by questionnaire, intra-oral inspection and photographic record in relevant cases. Results: The study sample had 52 elderly (81.25%) with at least one white lesion; excluding developmental changes, said value decreases to 38 (59.37%). A statistically significant relationship was found between literacy levels and the total number of white lesions (p <0.05), and a relationship between the presence of hyperkeratotic white lesions and report of difficulties in mastication/ deglutition (p <0.05). Such relationships can be justified by lesser education for oral hygiene and lesion control, and chronic food friction or prosthetic maladjustments, respectively. It’s also important to note the statistically significant (p <0.05) relationship between evidence of oral dryness and the need for dental treatments. Conclusions: It is imperative to establish protocols for the education and promotion of oral hygiene amongst the elderly institutionalized population regarding white oral lesions, but also oral health as a whole. Institutions should be given the data necessary to encourage and assist users to refer cases of white PMLs and avoid more reserved clinical settings.
Description
Keywords
Saúde oral Lesões orais Lesões brancas Idosos Institucionalização Oral health Oral lesions White lesions Elderly Institutionalization