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Abstract(s)
A presente tese corresponde a um estudo da formação bioética no ensino básico,
incidindo no 3º ciclo do ensino básico – 7º, 8º e 9º anos de escolaridade. A opção pelo
ensino básico prende-se com a convicção de que é importante trabalhar a formação
pessoal e social dos alunos desde “cedo”, designadamente a sua assertividade, o seu
espírito analítico e crítico.
Através da análise histórica e filosófica relativamente à educação em Portugal,
desde o 25 de abril de 1974 até à atualidade, apresenta-se a evolução da importância
dada à formação pessoal e social dos alunos e à axiologia educacional, onde se poderão
incluir as temáticas relativas à bioética.
A bioética como área do conhecimento que se debruça sobre a forma como o
Homem interfere na natureza, sobretudo no campo da saúde, nomeadamente no que
concerne às questões relacionadas com as inovações tecnológicas, lançou questões que
conduzem a uma reflexão necessária para a própria sobrevivência da espécie humana a
que a escola, e a consequente formação de jovens que integrarão uma sociedade que se
pretende participativa e informada, não poderá estar alheia.
Assim, o problema que se pretendeu estudar foi: Qual a situação atual
relativamente ao lugar da bioética na formação dos alunos do ensino básico e que
propostas de melhoria poderiam ser efetuadas? Sendo que subjacente a este problema
estava um outro que é: Qual a sensibilidade dos docentes para a abordagem destas
temáticas?
A metodologia utilizada para a primeira parte da tese, referente ao enquadramento
teórico, baseou-se na recolha e análise de diversas fontes documentais, nomeadamente
na análise de legislação, sendo a segunda parte dedicada, sobretudo, à investigação
empírica que foi efetuada com base num inquérito por questionário, dirigido a docentes.
O estudo permitiu concluir que os docentes estão sensibilizados para a
importância da abordagem de temas de bioética no ensino básico, pois consideram que
contribui, essencialmente, para a formação pessoal, integral e social dos alunos. Mais de
metade dos inquiridos indica que já abordou temas de bioética nas suas aulas, contudo a
maioria considera que o nível de conhecimentos/compreensão que os alunos detêm
sobre o tema situa-se entre o desconhece e o conhece muito pouco.
This thesis corresponds to a study about bioethics in basic education in Portugal, especially at the 3rd cycle - 7th, 8th and 9th grades. The choice for the basic education is closely related to the importance of the development of personal and social skills, which should be worked with students from "early years", in order to promote their assertivity, to improve analytical and critical thinking. Through historical and philosophical analysis about education in Portugal, from the 25th April 1974 to the present day, this study shows the evolution of the importance given to the personal and social education of students and the educational axiology, in which you may include topics related to bioethics. Bioethics as a field of knowledge that focuses on how humans interfere with nature, especially in the health area with regard to issues related to technological innovations, launched issues to school leading to a necessary reflection to the very survival of human species, and the consequent formation of young people included in a society that claims to be participant and informed. The problem intended to be studied in this thesis was: What is the current situation, regarding to bioethics approach, in basic education and which proposals for improvements could be made? And related to this problem there is another one which is: What is the sensitivity of teachers in discussing these issues in class? The methodology used for the first part of the thesis, related to the theoretical context, was based on the collection and analysis of various documentary sources, namely the legislation. The second part, devoted mainly to empirical research, was based on a questionnaire survey addressed to teachers. The investigation allowed us to conclude that teachers are sensitive to the importance of teaching bioethics on basic education, because they believe that it contributes essentially to the full personal and social formation of students. More than half of respondents stated that they have already discussed bioethical issues in their classes, eventhough the majority considers that the students’ knowledge/understanding of bioethics themes can be classified between very poor and poor.
This thesis corresponds to a study about bioethics in basic education in Portugal, especially at the 3rd cycle - 7th, 8th and 9th grades. The choice for the basic education is closely related to the importance of the development of personal and social skills, which should be worked with students from "early years", in order to promote their assertivity, to improve analytical and critical thinking. Through historical and philosophical analysis about education in Portugal, from the 25th April 1974 to the present day, this study shows the evolution of the importance given to the personal and social education of students and the educational axiology, in which you may include topics related to bioethics. Bioethics as a field of knowledge that focuses on how humans interfere with nature, especially in the health area with regard to issues related to technological innovations, launched issues to school leading to a necessary reflection to the very survival of human species, and the consequent formation of young people included in a society that claims to be participant and informed. The problem intended to be studied in this thesis was: What is the current situation, regarding to bioethics approach, in basic education and which proposals for improvements could be made? And related to this problem there is another one which is: What is the sensitivity of teachers in discussing these issues in class? The methodology used for the first part of the thesis, related to the theoretical context, was based on the collection and analysis of various documentary sources, namely the legislation. The second part, devoted mainly to empirical research, was based on a questionnaire survey addressed to teachers. The investigation allowed us to conclude that teachers are sensitive to the importance of teaching bioethics on basic education, because they believe that it contributes essentially to the full personal and social formation of students. More than half of respondents stated that they have already discussed bioethical issues in their classes, eventhough the majority considers that the students’ knowledge/understanding of bioethics themes can be classified between very poor and poor.
Description
Keywords
Bioética Axiologia Valores Modelos de deliberação Aprendizagem baseada na resolução de problemas Bioethics Axiology Values Deliberation models Problem-based learning