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Infanticídio : o fundamento do privilégio punitivo
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Abstract(s)
O crime de infanticídio constitui-se como um dos tipos de homicídio consagrados no Código Penal português, encontrando-se previsto no artigo 136.º do mesmo código, de onde se retira que “A mãe que matar o filho durante ou logo após o parto e estando ainda sob a sua influência perturbadora, é punida com pena de prisão de um a cinco anos”. Tendo em conta que a moldura penal aplicável tanto ao cometimento de um homicídio simples, como de um homicídio qualificado, é superior à prevista para a prática de um crime de infanticídio, cumpre-nos perceber porquê. Neste sentido, o presente estudo basear-se-á numa tentativa de perceber qual o fundamento do privilégio punitivo, nos casos em que está em causa a prática de um crime de infanticídio, assim como a compreensão de conceitos como “influência perturbadora” e “durante ou logo após o parto” - conceitos estes que se retiram da própria letra do artigo 136.º do Código Penal- e qual a sua relevância na concretização deste tipo de crime. Assim, começaremos com um capítulo dedicado a uma viagem pelos primórdios do crime de infanticídio, assim como à sua evolução no seio da legislação penal portuguesa. Seguidamente, passaremos ao capítulo que se terá como o núcleo central desta dissertação, onde serão abordadas as questões fundamentais inerentes ao estudo do crime de infanticídio, e onde se tentará compreender qual a justificação relativamente ao privilegiamento em termos de moldura penal aplicável aos casos que integrem este tipo legal de crime.
The crime of infanticide is one of the types of homicide enshrined in the Portuguese Penal Code. The article 136 of that same code, states that “A mother who kills her child during or immediately after childbirth and while still under its disturbing influence shall be punished with imprisonment of 1 to5 years”. Bearing in mind that the penal framework applicable to both simple homicide and aggravated homicide is higher than for the crime of infanticide, we need to understand why. This study will be based on an attempt to understand the justification behind the punitive privilege in cases where the commission of a crime of infanticide is at stake, as well as understanding concepts such as “disturbing influence” and “during or immediately after childbirth” - concepts that are taken from the very letter of article 136 of the Penal Code - and what their relevance is in the commission of this type of crime. So, we'll start with a chapter dedicated to a journey through the beginnings of the crime of infanticide, as well as its evolution within portuguese criminal legislation. We will then move on to the next chapter, which will be the core of this dissertation, where we will address the fundamental issues inherent in the study of the crime of infanticide, and where we will try to understand the justification for privileging the penal framework applicable to cases of infanticide.
The crime of infanticide is one of the types of homicide enshrined in the Portuguese Penal Code. The article 136 of that same code, states that “A mother who kills her child during or immediately after childbirth and while still under its disturbing influence shall be punished with imprisonment of 1 to5 years”. Bearing in mind that the penal framework applicable to both simple homicide and aggravated homicide is higher than for the crime of infanticide, we need to understand why. This study will be based on an attempt to understand the justification behind the punitive privilege in cases where the commission of a crime of infanticide is at stake, as well as understanding concepts such as “disturbing influence” and “during or immediately after childbirth” - concepts that are taken from the very letter of article 136 of the Penal Code - and what their relevance is in the commission of this type of crime. So, we'll start with a chapter dedicated to a journey through the beginnings of the crime of infanticide, as well as its evolution within portuguese criminal legislation. We will then move on to the next chapter, which will be the core of this dissertation, where we will address the fundamental issues inherent in the study of the crime of infanticide, and where we will try to understand the justification for privileging the penal framework applicable to cases of infanticide.
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Keywords
Infanticídio Influência perturbadora do parto Privilegiamento Culpa Ilicitude Infanticide Disruptive influence of childbirth Privileging Guilt Illegality