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Definida como um “processo no qual a vítima e o ofensor, e, quando apropriado, quaisquer outros indivíduos ou membros da comunidade afetados por um crime, participam ativamente na resolução das questões oriundas do crime, geralmente com a ajuda de um facilitador”1, a justiça restaurativa surge nos anos 70 do século passado, como forma de combater as deficiências apresentadas pelo direito penal tradicional.
Influenciada por movimentos vitimológicos e feministas, a justiça restaurativa pretende colocar a vítima no centro de interesses visados com a resolução de litígio, permitindo a resolução do caso penal que opõe vítima e agressor através do diálogo entre ambos, da contraposição de ideais e da chegada a um acordo que retrate a visão, os objetivos e as pretensões de ambos, permitindo o empowerment da vítima através da responsabilização do agente. A mediação penal surge como a prática restaurativa de maior fôlego e implementação, sendo regulada, em Portugal, pela lei n.º 21/2007, 12 junho. Este processo restaurativo visa a resolução do delito que opõe vítima e ofensor através do acordo celebrado entre ambos, com a intermediação de um terceiro imparcial: o mediador. Desta forma, a justiça restaurativa – e, concretamente, a mediação penal – permitem colocar vítima e agressor em contacto, permitindo que ambos dialoguem de igual para igual, questionando-se mutuamente e comuniquem com vista à chegada a um consenso quanto ao acordo final, funcionando verdadeiramente como um ponto de encontro entre agressor e vítima. Apesar de visarem a reparação e a restauração dos danos causados pelo crime, as práticas inseridas no universo restaurativo permitem prosseguir finalidades próprias do direito penal tradicional, possibilitando a integração do agente na sociedade e a proteção de bens jurídicos tutelados.
Defined as a "process in which the victim and the offender, and, where appropriate, any other individuals or community members affected by a crime, actively participate in resolving the issues arising from the crime, usually with the help of a facilitator"2, restorative justice emerged in the 1970s as a way to address the shortcomings presented by traditional criminal law. Influenced by victimological and feminist movements, restorative justice intends to place the victim in the center of the interests aimed at with the resolution of litigation, allowing the resolution of the criminal case that opposes victim and aggressor through dialogue between them, the confrontation of ideals and the reaching of an agreement that portrays the vision, the objectives and the claims of both, allowing the empowerment of the victim through the accountability of the agent. Penal mediation is considered the restorative practice with the greatest impact and implementation, being regulated in Portugal by law 21/2007, June 12th. This restorative process aims at the resolution of the offense that opposes victim and offender through an agreement between them, with the intermediation of an impartial third party: the mediator. In this way, restorative justice - and, specifically, penal mediation - allows placing victim and offender in contact, allowing both to dialogue as equals, questioning each other and communicating with a view to reaching a consensus on the final agreement, truly functioning as a meeting point between offender and victim. Despite aiming at the repair and restoration of the damage caused by the crime, the practices inserted in the restorative universe allow the pursuit of purposes proper to traditional criminal law, enabling the integration of the perpetrator in society and the protection of protected legal goods.
Defined as a "process in which the victim and the offender, and, where appropriate, any other individuals or community members affected by a crime, actively participate in resolving the issues arising from the crime, usually with the help of a facilitator"2, restorative justice emerged in the 1970s as a way to address the shortcomings presented by traditional criminal law. Influenced by victimological and feminist movements, restorative justice intends to place the victim in the center of the interests aimed at with the resolution of litigation, allowing the resolution of the criminal case that opposes victim and aggressor through dialogue between them, the confrontation of ideals and the reaching of an agreement that portrays the vision, the objectives and the claims of both, allowing the empowerment of the victim through the accountability of the agent. Penal mediation is considered the restorative practice with the greatest impact and implementation, being regulated in Portugal by law 21/2007, June 12th. This restorative process aims at the resolution of the offense that opposes victim and offender through an agreement between them, with the intermediation of an impartial third party: the mediator. In this way, restorative justice - and, specifically, penal mediation - allows placing victim and offender in contact, allowing both to dialogue as equals, questioning each other and communicating with a view to reaching a consensus on the final agreement, truly functioning as a meeting point between offender and victim. Despite aiming at the repair and restoration of the damage caused by the crime, the practices inserted in the restorative universe allow the pursuit of purposes proper to traditional criminal law, enabling the integration of the perpetrator in society and the protection of protected legal goods.
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Keywords
Justiça restaurativa Reparação Crime Mediação Consenso Vítima Ofensor Direito Penal Criminologia Portugal Restorative justice Reparation Mediation Agreement Victim Offender Criminal Law Criminology