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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A visão holística das problemáticas ambientais afirma-se exponencialmente
imperiosa1
dado que é ponto assente que todo e qualquer ato internacionalmente ilícito
perpetrado por um Estado gera a sua responsabilidade ambiental, sendo que o mesmo princípio
se aplica a outras entidades tais como organizações internacionais.2 Pelo que inicialmente foi
“na perspetiva das relações bilaterais que se abordou a questão da responsabilidade por danos
ao ambiente”.3 Desse modo, no prisma da União Europeia, um dos principais aspetos em voga
na discussão é, inevitavelmente, o ambiental. Assim sendo, foi celebrado o Acordo de Paris,
adotado a 12 de dezembro de 2015 por todos os seus Estados-Membros, sendo “uma
concertação global em torno do combate às alterações climáticas” 4
, onde foram estabelecidas
metas de carbono a atingir até ao ano de 2050.
Movidos pelo espírito de sacrifício de conciliação entre o princípio da livre
economia, do direito ao trabalho e da liberdade com os princípios de índole ambiental,
princípios de cooperação, de solidariedade inter-geracional, cada país preconiza e molda a sua
atuação com empenho para atingir os objetivos. No caso de Portugal, a presente dissertação
inova no sentido de apostar principalmente na gestão eficaz dos sumidouros, mormente,
florestas nacionais, com vista a colmatar os efeitos nefastos da indústria e permitindo o alcance
da neutralidade carbónica sem comprometer o investimento que deve ser feito pelas empresas
em meios de produção menos poluentes, evitando o défice no crescimento do tecido empresarial
caso fosse somente essa a solução.
The holistic vision of environmental issues is exponentially imperative5 given that it is well established that any and all internationally wrongful acts perpetrated by a state generates its environmental responsibility, and the same principle applies to other entities such as international organizations.6 For what was initially done “from the perspective of bilateral relations, the issue of responsibility to the environment was addressed”.7 Thus, from the perspective of the European Union, one of the main aspects in vogue in the discussion is, inevitably, environmental. Therefore, the Paris Agreement was signed, adopted on 12th December 2015 by all its Member States, being “a global agreement on the fight against climate change”8 , where carbon targets were established to be achieved by the year of 2050. Moved by the spirit of sacrifice of conciliation between the principle of the free economy, the right to work and freedom with the principles of an environmental nature, principles of cooperation, of inter-generational solidarity, each country advocates and shapes its actions with commitment to achieve the goals. In the case of Portugal, this dissertation innovates in the sense of focusing mainly on the efficient management of carbon sinks, especially national forests, in order to overcome the harmful effects of the industry and allowing the achievement of carbon neutrality without compromising the investment made by companies in means of less polluting production, avoiding the deficit in the growth of the business fabric if that were the only solution.
The holistic vision of environmental issues is exponentially imperative5 given that it is well established that any and all internationally wrongful acts perpetrated by a state generates its environmental responsibility, and the same principle applies to other entities such as international organizations.6 For what was initially done “from the perspective of bilateral relations, the issue of responsibility to the environment was addressed”.7 Thus, from the perspective of the European Union, one of the main aspects in vogue in the discussion is, inevitably, environmental. Therefore, the Paris Agreement was signed, adopted on 12th December 2015 by all its Member States, being “a global agreement on the fight against climate change”8 , where carbon targets were established to be achieved by the year of 2050. Moved by the spirit of sacrifice of conciliation between the principle of the free economy, the right to work and freedom with the principles of an environmental nature, principles of cooperation, of inter-generational solidarity, each country advocates and shapes its actions with commitment to achieve the goals. In the case of Portugal, this dissertation innovates in the sense of focusing mainly on the efficient management of carbon sinks, especially national forests, in order to overcome the harmful effects of the industry and allowing the achievement of carbon neutrality without compromising the investment made by companies in means of less polluting production, avoiding the deficit in the growth of the business fabric if that were the only solution.
Description
Keywords
Direito Internacional do Ambiente Acordo de Paris Política ambiental Gestão florestal nacional Sumidouros Florestgal International Environmental Law Paris Agreement Environmental politics National forest management Sinks