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Através do revolucionário estudo de Modigliani & Miller (1958) que nos trouxe uma nova perspetiva sobre o entendimento da estrutura de capitais das empresas, abriram-se portas para um dos temas centrais das finanças corporativas. A partir deste estudo, inúmeros modelos e teorias foram desenvolvidos, no entanto, apesar de não existir consenso generalizado sobre qual a melhor teoria se enquadra para explicar as decisões de financiamento das empresas, as teorias mais aceites são a Trade-Off Theory e a Pecking-Order Theory. Esta dissertação examina como eventos globais como a pandemia da COVID-19 e a Guerra na Ucrânia influenciaram os determinantes das estruturas de capitais das empresas portuguesas além de tentar perceber que tipo de teoria é mais seguida pelas empresas em análise. Para atingir este objetivo, foi utilizada uma amostra de 93 224 empresas portuguesas, com dados extraídos do Sistema de Análise de Balanços Ibéricos (SABI). A análise baseou-se em dados de painel balanceados, divididos em dois períodos: 2017-2019 (pré-pandemia) e 2021-2023 (pós-pandemia). Entre os principais determinantes analisados estão a dimensão, rentabilidade, liquidez, estrutura de ativos, idade, outros benefícios fiscais, risco e crescimento. Verifica-se que através do modelo econométrico, a teoria do Pecking Order é a que melhor explica a estrutura de capitais das empresas portuguesas. Além disso, o determinante dimensão foi o mais impactado face à pandemia e à guerra sendo que as empresas demonstraram uma maior preferência pelo financiamento interno, o que sugere um comportamento mais conservador.
Through the revolutionary study by Modigliani & Miller (1958), which gave us a new perspective on understanding the capital structure of companies, doors were opened to one of the central themes of corporate finance. Based on this study, numerous models and theories have been developed. However, although there is no consensus on which theory best explains companies' financing decisions, the most widely accepted theories are the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking-Order Theory. This dissertation examines how global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have influenced the determinants of Portuguese companies' capital structures, as well as trying to understand which type of theory is most followed by the companies being analyzed. To achieve this goal, a sample of 93 224 Portuguese companies was used, with data extracted from the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System (SABI). The analysis was based on balanced panel data, divided into two periods: 2017-2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021-2023 (post-pandemic). The main determinants analyzed include size, profitability, liquidity, asset structure, age, other tax benefits, risk and growth. The econometric model shows that the Pecking Order theory best explains the capital structure of Portuguese companies. In addition, the size determinant was the most affected in the face of the pandemic and war, and companies showed a greater preference for internal financing, which suggests more conservative behavior.
Through the revolutionary study by Modigliani & Miller (1958), which gave us a new perspective on understanding the capital structure of companies, doors were opened to one of the central themes of corporate finance. Based on this study, numerous models and theories have been developed. However, although there is no consensus on which theory best explains companies' financing decisions, the most widely accepted theories are the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking-Order Theory. This dissertation examines how global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have influenced the determinants of Portuguese companies' capital structures, as well as trying to understand which type of theory is most followed by the companies being analyzed. To achieve this goal, a sample of 93 224 Portuguese companies was used, with data extracted from the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System (SABI). The analysis was based on balanced panel data, divided into two periods: 2017-2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021-2023 (post-pandemic). The main determinants analyzed include size, profitability, liquidity, asset structure, age, other tax benefits, risk and growth. The econometric model shows that the Pecking Order theory best explains the capital structure of Portuguese companies. In addition, the size determinant was the most affected in the face of the pandemic and war, and companies showed a greater preference for internal financing, which suggests more conservative behavior.
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Estrutura de capitais Determinantes Covid-19 Guerra Portugal Capital structure Determinants War
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