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Abstract(s)
Tendo por referência a situação de uma empresa familiar explorada por uma sociedade por quotas, procedeu-se, no presente trabalho, ao estudo de um dos instrumentos jurídicos que pode ser considerado pelos sócios por forma a assegurar que a sua morte causará a menor perturbação possível no funcionamento da empresa: as cláusulas restritivas da transmissão das quotas por morte. Partindo da análise do regime que o CSC dedica à transmissão mortis causa das quotas, procurou-se, em concreto, compreender os efeitos das duas espécies de cláusulas restritivas expressamente reconhecidas pela lei, isto é, as cláusulas de intransmissibilidade e as cláusulas de condicionamento. A investigação levada a cabo conduziu-nos à conclusão de que a compreensão dos efeitos destas duas espécies de cláusulas implica que se trace uma clara distinção entre a cláusula de intransmissibilidade e a cláusula de condicionamento. O regime previsto nos artigos 225.º, n.os 2 a 5, e 227.º, do CSC, uma vez que pressupõe a subsistência da quota com a morte do sócio, apenas será aplicável quando tenha sido estipulada uma cláusula de condicionamento ou uma outra cláusula restritiva que não envolva a intransmissibilidade mortis causa da quota. Tal regime não é, pois, aplicável nas situações em que tenha sido estabelecida uma cláusula de intransmissibilidade.
Considering the case of a family business owned by a private limited company, this thesis focuses on one of the legal instruments that may be considered by the quotaholders in order to ensure that death will cause as little disruption as possible on the functioning of the business: restrictive clauses on mortis causa transferability of quotas. After analysing the legal regime of the Portuguese Companies Code pertaining to mortis causa transferability of quotas, we aimed to understand the effects of the two types of restrictive clauses expressly recognized by the law, i.e., the non-transferability clauses and the conditioned transferability clauses. The investigation carried out led us to the conclusion that the comprehension of the effects of such restrictive clauses implies the establishment of a clear distinction between nontransferability clauses, on the one hand, and conditioned transferability clauses, on the other hand. As the regime set forth in articles 225 (2) to (5) and 227 of the Portuguese Companies Code presupposes the existence of the quota after the quotaholder’s death, such regime can only be applied when there has been established in the articles of association a conditioned transferability clause or other restrictive clauses which do not involve the non-transferability of the quota. Said regime does not apply when there has been established a non-transferability clause.
Considering the case of a family business owned by a private limited company, this thesis focuses on one of the legal instruments that may be considered by the quotaholders in order to ensure that death will cause as little disruption as possible on the functioning of the business: restrictive clauses on mortis causa transferability of quotas. After analysing the legal regime of the Portuguese Companies Code pertaining to mortis causa transferability of quotas, we aimed to understand the effects of the two types of restrictive clauses expressly recognized by the law, i.e., the non-transferability clauses and the conditioned transferability clauses. The investigation carried out led us to the conclusion that the comprehension of the effects of such restrictive clauses implies the establishment of a clear distinction between nontransferability clauses, on the one hand, and conditioned transferability clauses, on the other hand. As the regime set forth in articles 225 (2) to (5) and 227 of the Portuguese Companies Code presupposes the existence of the quota after the quotaholder’s death, such regime can only be applied when there has been established in the articles of association a conditioned transferability clause or other restrictive clauses which do not involve the non-transferability of the quota. Said regime does not apply when there has been established a non-transferability clause.
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Keywords
Empresa familiar Sociedade por quotas Transmissão mortis causa das quotas Cláusula de intransmissibilidade Cláusula de condicionamento Direito das sociedades Direito das sucessões Family business Private limited company Quotas’ mortis causa transferability Non-transferability clause Conditioned transferability clause Company law Inheritance law