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Os efeitos da globalização económica foram e são estudados todos os dias. São apontados efeitos positivos e efeitos negativos pelas mais variadas vertentes. O aumento desmedido da competitividade face à abertura dos mercados é, não só, visto como também sentido por todos. Os meios usados para enfrentar esse aumento de competitividade não são, por vezes, os mais lícitos, principalmente do ponto de vista social. Os EUA e alguns países da Europa já há muito que tentam travar as desigualdades existentes entre as suas legislações laborais quando comparadas com as dos países em desenvolvimento. Acusam esses mesmos países de usufruírem das fragilidades da sua legislação laboral, e consequentemente de mão-de-obra extremamente barata, para aumentar a competitividade externa. Neste seguimento, os países desenvolvidos tentam há décadas que sejam estabelecidos padrões de trabalho que garantam a igualdade de direitos laborais nas relações comerciais. No entanto, essa tentativa é vista pelos países em desenvolvimento como uma medida proteccionista e acusam os países desenvolvidos de se servirem da mesma para proteger os próprios mercados. O debate em torno da chamada “cláusula de proteção social” apareceu nos inícios da década de 90 e passou por um longo e controverso percurso. Hoje em dia, encontra-se presente em vários acordos de comércio preferencial e importa perceber como é aplicada, bem como a sua eficácia. Em última análise, entender se serve efetivamente como um mecanismo de defesa dos direitos de trabalhadores, ou se, por outro lado, funciona mais na teoria do que na prática.
The effects of economic globalization continue to be studied every day, with various authors pointing out positive and negative effects. The unfettered increase of competitiveness caused by the opening upo f markets is not only seen but also felt by all. At times, the means used to face this increase aren’t themost lawful ones, especially from the social point of view. The USA and some European countries have been trying for a long time to tackle the current imbalance between their own labour laws and the ones from developing countries. The former blame the latter of taking advantage of the weaknesses in their labour legislation, and, consequently, benefitting from extremely cheap workforces, as a way of increasing their external competitiveness. Thus, developed countries have been trying for decades to establish labour standards that protect the equality of labour rights in trade relations. However, developing countries see this as a protectionist measure created by developed countries as a way to protect their markets. The debate around so called “social protection clause” emerged in the early 1990’s and has been through a long and contentious path. Today, it’s part of several preferential trade agreeements and it is important to understand how it is applied and how eficiente it is. Ultimately, understand if it is, in fact, a defence mechanism for worker’s rights, or if works more in theory than in practice.
The effects of economic globalization continue to be studied every day, with various authors pointing out positive and negative effects. The unfettered increase of competitiveness caused by the opening upo f markets is not only seen but also felt by all. At times, the means used to face this increase aren’t themost lawful ones, especially from the social point of view. The USA and some European countries have been trying for a long time to tackle the current imbalance between their own labour laws and the ones from developing countries. The former blame the latter of taking advantage of the weaknesses in their labour legislation, and, consequently, benefitting from extremely cheap workforces, as a way of increasing their external competitiveness. Thus, developed countries have been trying for decades to establish labour standards that protect the equality of labour rights in trade relations. However, developing countries see this as a protectionist measure created by developed countries as a way to protect their markets. The debate around so called “social protection clause” emerged in the early 1990’s and has been through a long and contentious path. Today, it’s part of several preferential trade agreeements and it is important to understand how it is applied and how eficiente it is. Ultimately, understand if it is, in fact, a defence mechanism for worker’s rights, or if works more in theory than in practice.
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Keywords
Globalização económica Comércio internacional Dimensões das disposições laborais Acordos de comércio preferencial Cláusula de proteção social Economic gobalization International trade Dimensions of labour provisions Preferential trade agreements Social protection clause