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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Na presente dissertação propomo-nos a explorar a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de um regime jurídico vinculativo, que possa ser desencadeado em contextos de crises humanitárias. O objetivo será agir eficazmente para prevenir a erupção ou escalada da violência e de conflitos armados. Em termos legais, é discutido se tal parâmetro preventivo já existe e, consequentemente, se as normas jurídicas internacionais impõem um dever à comunidade internacional de reagir perante graves violações de Direitos
Humanos perpetradas pelos Governos. Concluímos que tal regime normativo existe, emanando do princípio da ‘Responsabilidade de Proteger’ e do dever de cooperação estabelecido no Projeto de Artigos sobre a Responsabilidade dos Estados. No entanto, carece de força vinculativa. Um dos obstáculos à adoção pelos Estados de regimes de prevenção de conflitos vinculativos tem sido a sua conotação com a intervenção militar para fins humanitários. Por este motivo, pretendemos reforçar a importância da prevenção
de conflitos em contextos anteriores à comissão de grandes atrocidades. Damos ênfase à Mediação como método de prevenção de conflitos com especial relevância em contextos de conflitos internos. Analisamos a crise na Venezuela e a possibilidade da emergência de um costume internacional que valide a prática da Mediação como norma legal. A nossa análise assenta numa abordagem interdisciplinar, colhendo ensinamentos das Relações Internacionais, bem como (ainda que em menor extensão) dos Estudos da Paz e da Psicologia.
This thesis explores the possibility of developing a legally binding framework for conflict prevention, that could be enacted in contexts of humanitarian crisis. The goal would be to act effectively to prevent the eruption or escalation of violence and armed conflicts. We discuss, in legal terms, whether such a preventive framework already exists. Moreover, whether general norms of International Law impose on States a duty to react to grave violations of Human Rights conducted by Governments. We conclude that such a regime exists and emanates from the principle of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and from the duty of cooperation established under the ICL’s Draft Articles. However, the regime lacks binding character. One obstacle to the adoption by States of legally binding mechanisms for conflict prevention is the fact that the latter has been associated with military intervention for humanitarian purposes. For this reason, we intend to reinforce the importance of conflict prevention in contexts prior to the commission of mass atrocities. Mediation is emphasised as a conflict prevention method with special relevance in contexts of internal conflict. We analyse the Venezuelan crisis and the possibility of emergence of a customary norm, which validates the practise of Mediation as a legal rule. We conduct an interdisciplinary analysis, retrieving lessons from International Relations, as well as – to a lesser extent – Peace Studies and Psychology.
This thesis explores the possibility of developing a legally binding framework for conflict prevention, that could be enacted in contexts of humanitarian crisis. The goal would be to act effectively to prevent the eruption or escalation of violence and armed conflicts. We discuss, in legal terms, whether such a preventive framework already exists. Moreover, whether general norms of International Law impose on States a duty to react to grave violations of Human Rights conducted by Governments. We conclude that such a regime exists and emanates from the principle of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and from the duty of cooperation established under the ICL’s Draft Articles. However, the regime lacks binding character. One obstacle to the adoption by States of legally binding mechanisms for conflict prevention is the fact that the latter has been associated with military intervention for humanitarian purposes. For this reason, we intend to reinforce the importance of conflict prevention in contexts prior to the commission of mass atrocities. Mediation is emphasised as a conflict prevention method with special relevance in contexts of internal conflict. We analyse the Venezuelan crisis and the possibility of emergence of a customary norm, which validates the practise of Mediation as a legal rule. We conduct an interdisciplinary analysis, retrieving lessons from International Relations, as well as – to a lesser extent – Peace Studies and Psychology.
Description
Keywords
Responsabilidade de proteger Dever de cooperação Mediação Prevenção de conflitos Venezuela Responsibility to protect Duty of cooperation Mediation Conflict prevention