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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo abordar o problema de contaminação de exemplares entomológicos por fungos filamentosos observado na Coleção Tenente-Coronel Navegador António Francisco Soares Pinto de Fernandes Figueira do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, bem como, o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de tratamento eficaz para a eliminação dessa contaminação. São abordados tópicos cruciais relacionados à preservação de exemplares entomológicos em coleções científicas, suas problemáticas e desafios e é feita a apresentação do caso de estudo que refere à coleção acima mencionada. É também discutida a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do ar e a amostragem de superfícies e caixas que abrigam esses exemplares, com foco na sala 444 do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP), bem como, as metodologias utilizadas e suas limitações assim como o processo de isolamento de microrganismos para entender a natureza da contaminação microbiológica nesse ambiente. O foco da dissertação reside na elaboração de um protocolo de limpeza destinado aos exemplares entomológicos. Esta abordagem visa combater a contaminação fúngica que afeta coleções de entomologia e materiais que as compõem, para os quais, dada a sua natureza específica e frágil, não estão ainda descritos protocolos na bibliografia científica que sejam satisfatórios sob o ponto de toxicidade, facilidade de aplicação e grau de eficácia. O desenvolvimento do protocolo de limpeza e tratamento implicou a realização de um conjunto de testes envolvendo a aplicação através de três formas distintas de seis produtos diferentes em protótipos de insetos com contaminação fúngica visível. A metodologia empregada na preparação desses protótipos é detalhada, incluindo a escolha de insetos-modelo e utilização de metodologias de contaminação controlada. A avaliação dos resultados obtidos resulta na criação de um protocolo de tratamento que serve dois propósitos, uma metodologia de aplicação com base no produto e metodologia que se comprovaram ser mais eficazes, sendo eles formol (solução aquosa de formaldeído em concentração de 37%) por imersão e como protocolo para teste de eficácia de outros produtos em trabalhos futuros. O protocolo proposto para tratamento de contaminação fúngica em coleções de entomologia apresenta instruções detalhadas sobre como realizar o tratamento de acordo com as necessidades específicas da coleção. É enfatizada a importância do uso de equipamentos de proteção do operador e da realização do procedimento em ambiente controlado. É também discutida a proposta de utilização de compostos menos tóxicos embora com limitações em termos de eficácia, mas que pode ser viável quando associado à aplicação de medidas de controlo dos parâmetros ambientais.
The present dissertation aims to address the problem of fungal contamination of entomological specimens observed in the Lieutenant-Colonel Navigator António Francisco Soares Pinto de Fernandes Figueira Collection of the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto, as well as the development of an effective treatment protocol for the elimination of this contamination. A series of crucial topics related to the preservation of entomological specimens in scientific collections, its problems and challenges are addressed, as well as the case study that refers to the collection. It is also discussed the evaluation of the microbiological air quality and the sampling of surfaces and boxes that house these specimens, focusing on room 444 of the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP), as well as the methodologies used and their limitations as well as isolation of microorganisms to understand the nature of microbiological contamination in this environment. The focus of the dissertation lies in the elaboration of a cleaning protocol for entomological specimens. This approach aims to combat fungal contamination that affects entomology collections and the materials that compose them, for which, given their specific and fragile nature, protocols that are satisfactory in terms of toxicity, ease of application and degree of efficacy have not yet been described in the scientific literature. The development of the treatment protocol involved a set of tests involving the application through three different forms of six different products in prototypes of insects with visible fungal contamination. The methodology used in the preparation of these prototypes is detailed, including the choice of model insects and the use of controlled contamination methodologies. The evaluation of the results obtained results in the creation of a treatment protocol that serves two purposes, an application methodology based on the product and the most effective methodology, formaldehyde (37% solution) and immersion and as a protocol for testing the efficacy of other products in future work. The proposed protocol for the treatment of fungal contamination in entomology collections involves the use of formaldehyde, with detailed instructions on how to perform the treatment according to the specific needs of the collection. The importance of using protective equipment and performing the procedure in a controlled environment is emphasized. The proposal for an alternative protocol with the use of less toxic compounds with limitations in terms of efficacy per se but which may be feasible when combined with the application of measures to control environmental parameters is also discussed.
The present dissertation aims to address the problem of fungal contamination of entomological specimens observed in the Lieutenant-Colonel Navigator António Francisco Soares Pinto de Fernandes Figueira Collection of the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto, as well as the development of an effective treatment protocol for the elimination of this contamination. A series of crucial topics related to the preservation of entomological specimens in scientific collections, its problems and challenges are addressed, as well as the case study that refers to the collection. It is also discussed the evaluation of the microbiological air quality and the sampling of surfaces and boxes that house these specimens, focusing on room 444 of the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP), as well as the methodologies used and their limitations as well as isolation of microorganisms to understand the nature of microbiological contamination in this environment. The focus of the dissertation lies in the elaboration of a cleaning protocol for entomological specimens. This approach aims to combat fungal contamination that affects entomology collections and the materials that compose them, for which, given their specific and fragile nature, protocols that are satisfactory in terms of toxicity, ease of application and degree of efficacy have not yet been described in the scientific literature. The development of the treatment protocol involved a set of tests involving the application through three different forms of six different products in prototypes of insects with visible fungal contamination. The methodology used in the preparation of these prototypes is detailed, including the choice of model insects and the use of controlled contamination methodologies. The evaluation of the results obtained results in the creation of a treatment protocol that serves two purposes, an application methodology based on the product and the most effective methodology, formaldehyde (37% solution) and immersion and as a protocol for testing the efficacy of other products in future work. The proposed protocol for the treatment of fungal contamination in entomology collections involves the use of formaldehyde, with detailed instructions on how to perform the treatment according to the specific needs of the collection. The importance of using protective equipment and performing the procedure in a controlled environment is emphasized. The proposal for an alternative protocol with the use of less toxic compounds with limitations in terms of efficacy per se but which may be feasible when combined with the application of measures to control environmental parameters is also discussed.
Description
Keywords
Conservação de coleções entomológicas Contaminação fúngica Aerobiologia Fungos filamentosos Protocolo de limpeza Entomological collections Fungal contamination Aerobiology Filamentous fungi Cleaning protocol