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Adaptação ao stress em jovens atletas : crenças irracionais e avaliação cognitiva como preditores da perceção de rendimento desportivo
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O stress em contexto desportivo constitui um fator determinante para o rendimento e bem-estar dos atletas, sendo mediado por processos cognitivos e pelas crenças individuais. O presente estudo investiga o papel das crenças irracionais e da avaliação cognitiva na perceção de rendimento em jovens atletas de futebol, integrando o modelo transacional de Lazarus e Folkman (1984) e a Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA). Participaram 519 atletas portugueses, de diferentes escalões de formação, que responderam a medidas validadas de crenças irracionais, avaliação da experiência de stress e perceção de rendimento. Recorreu-se a análises correlacionais e a modelação de equações estruturais para testar o modelo hipotético. O modelo estrutural foi parcialmente suportado. A avaliação cognitiva revelou-se preditora da perceção de rendimento: a avaliação de desafio associou-se positivamente e a avaliação de ameaça negativamente à perceção de rendimento. Os resultados revelaram que apenas algumas crenças irracionais influenciam significativamente a avaliação cognitiva, manifestando também os seus efeitos na perceção de rendimento apenas por vias indiretas. Contrariamente a interpretações preliminares, o stress mindset não predisse a avaliação cognitiva nem a sua perceção de rendimento. Estes achados reforçam a importância da avaliação cognitiva na adaptação ao stress competitivo, bem como a relevância das crenças irracionais como vulnerabilidade psicológica.
Stress in a sporting context is a determining factor for athletes' performance and well-being, mediated by cognitive processes and individual beliefs. This study investigates the role of irrational beliefs and cognitive evaluation in the perception of performance in young soccer players, integrating Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) transactional model and the Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA). A total of 519 Portuguese athletes from different training levels participated in the study, responding to validated measures of irrational beliefs, assessment of stress experience, and performance perception. Correlational analyses and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypothetical model. The structural model was partially supported. Cognitive appraisal proved to be a predictor of performance perception: challenge appraisal was positively associated with performance perception, while threat appraisal was negatively associated with it. The results revealed that only some irrational beliefs significantly influence cognitive appraisal, also manifesting their effects on performance perception only through indirect channels. Contrary to preliminary interpretations, stress mindset did not predict cognitive assessment or performance perception. These findings reinforce the importance of cognitive appraisal in adapting to competitive stress, as well as the relevance of irrational beliefs as psychological vulnerability.
Stress in a sporting context is a determining factor for athletes' performance and well-being, mediated by cognitive processes and individual beliefs. This study investigates the role of irrational beliefs and cognitive evaluation in the perception of performance in young soccer players, integrating Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) transactional model and the Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA). A total of 519 Portuguese athletes from different training levels participated in the study, responding to validated measures of irrational beliefs, assessment of stress experience, and performance perception. Correlational analyses and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypothetical model. The structural model was partially supported. Cognitive appraisal proved to be a predictor of performance perception: challenge appraisal was positively associated with performance perception, while threat appraisal was negatively associated with it. The results revealed that only some irrational beliefs significantly influence cognitive appraisal, also manifesting their effects on performance perception only through indirect channels. Contrary to preliminary interpretations, stress mindset did not predict cognitive assessment or performance perception. These findings reinforce the importance of cognitive appraisal in adapting to competitive stress, as well as the relevance of irrational beliefs as psychological vulnerability.
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Psicologia do desporto Adaptação psicológica Ameaça Desafio Contextos competitivos Mindset Sports psychoogy Psychological adaptation Threat Challenge Competitive contexts
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