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A fraude manifesta ou abuso evidente nas garantias bancárias à primeira solicitação : uma questão de prova
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Num quadro de acentuado interesse prático, marcado pela internacionalização das trocas comerciais e pela necessidade de reforçar a confiança entre as partes contratantes, as garantias bancárias autónomas à primeira solicitação destacam-se enquanto verdadeiras impulsionadoras da economia e dos negócios. Assim sendo, pretendemos com o presente estudo abordar algumas questões do respetivo regime jurídico, em particular, no que concerne à exceção de fraude manifesta ou abuso evidente, como meio de defesa do garante na recusa legítima do pagamento após interpelação pelo beneficiário. Para alcançar um resultado digno, mais do que densificarmos as noções gerais de fraude e de abuso, a justificação da existência desta exceção e a sua importância no âmbito prático, entre outros tópicos, já oportunamente escrutinados pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência, consideramos importante aprofundar o tipo de prova admissível e as suas implicações em dois momentos. Em primeiro lugar, após a solicitação ao garante por parte do beneficiário e, em segundo, quando o devedor garantido requer a aplicação de uma providência cautelar adequada a paralisar os efeitos decorrentes da interpelação.
In a context of great practical interest, marked by the internationalization of trade exchanges and the need to strengthen trust between contracting parties, autonomous first-demand bank guarantees stand out as a real driver of the economy and business. Bearing this in mind, with this study, we intend to address some issues of the respective legal regime, in particular regarding the exception of manifest fraud or clear abuse, as a means of defence for the guarantor, in the legitimate refusal of payment after being demanded by the beneficiary. In order to achieve a worthy result, rather than merely elaborating the general notions of fraud and abuse, the justification for the existence of this exception and it’s practical importance, among other topics, already scrutinised in due course by doctrine and case law, we considered it important to delve deeper into the type of admissible evidence and its implications at two points. Firstly, after beneficiary’s request to the guarantor and, secondly, when the guaranteed debtor requests the application of an appropriate precautionary measure to paralyse the effects resulting from the demand.
In a context of great practical interest, marked by the internationalization of trade exchanges and the need to strengthen trust between contracting parties, autonomous first-demand bank guarantees stand out as a real driver of the economy and business. Bearing this in mind, with this study, we intend to address some issues of the respective legal regime, in particular regarding the exception of manifest fraud or clear abuse, as a means of defence for the guarantor, in the legitimate refusal of payment after being demanded by the beneficiary. In order to achieve a worthy result, rather than merely elaborating the general notions of fraud and abuse, the justification for the existence of this exception and it’s practical importance, among other topics, already scrutinised in due course by doctrine and case law, we considered it important to delve deeper into the type of admissible evidence and its implications at two points. Firstly, after beneficiary’s request to the guarantor and, secondly, when the guaranteed debtor requests the application of an appropriate precautionary measure to paralyse the effects resulting from the demand.
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Garantia bancária autónoma Cláusula à primeira solicitação Abuso de direito Fraude Prova líquida e inequívoca Deveres do garante Providências cautelares Autonomous bank guarantee First demand clause Abuse of right Fraud Clear and unequivocal evidence Guarantor's duties Precautionary measures
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Sem licença CC