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O texto desbrava caminho pela tutela que é oferecida à Cultura pelo Direito. Se, por um lado, aquela se vê constitucionalmente protegida, por outro, o Direito Penal é pressionado a desconsiderá-la quando arguida como defesa. Este confronto Direito-Cultura orientará o trabalho a seguir redigido. A título exemplificativo abordar-se-á a MGF, o seu contexto legal, as suas motivações, o índice de praticabilidade, e a forma como o tribunal encara estas circunstâncias, a nosso ver, instigadoras. Esta prática é particularmente sigilosa e sai, muitas vezes, impune, talvez pela ignorância ou, quem sabe, pela desconsideração que se lhe oferece. Muitas outras vezes é também ridicularizada, criminalizada à letra da lei, sem qualquer tipo de abébia. Importa, no entanto, alertar que será escrutinada neste trabalho e casuisticamente analisada de forma a entender como lida o Direito com ela. Paralelamente, far-se-á um estudo mais aprofundado sobre as motivações culturais que antecedem a prática de um crime como o da MGF, colocando-se a questão de saber se se pode falar numa cultural defense que, impedida, alevanta a questão da preferência cultural. Finalmente, conclui-se uma discrepância entre os diplomas, o que traduz a frieza do Direito por dimensões que desconhece. Há uma clara violação do Direito à Cultura e do próprio Direito a uma defesa que considere a pessoa na sua totalidade. A cultura é claramente desconsiderada, renegada e até intencionalmente rebaixada pela Lei. Talvez a Justiça não devesse ser tão cega quanto sempre se quis que fosse.
The text paves the way for the tutelage offered to Culture by Law. If, on the one hand, it is constitutionally protected, on the other, Criminal Law is pressured to disregard it when raised as a defence. This Law-Culture confrontation will guide the work written below. As an example, FGM will be discussed, its legal context, its motivations, the practicality rate, and the way the court faces, in our view, these instigating circumstances. This practice is particularly secretive and often goes unpunished, perhaps due to ignorance or, who knows, the disregard around it. It is often ridiculed, literally criminalized, without any sort of assumption. However, it is important to warn that it will be scrutinised and analysed on a case-by-case basis in order to understand how the Law deals with it. At the same time, a more in-depth study will be carried out on the cultural motivations that precede the practice of a crime such as FGM, raising the question of whether we can speak of a cultural defence that, if prevented, raises the issue of cultural preference. Finally, there is a discrepancy between the diplomas, which reflects the coldness of the Law in dimensions that are unknown. There is a clear violation of the Right to Culture and the Right to a defence that considers the person as a whole. Culture is clearly disregarded, denied and even intentionally degraded by the Law. Perhaps Justice should not be as blind as it has always intended to be.
The text paves the way for the tutelage offered to Culture by Law. If, on the one hand, it is constitutionally protected, on the other, Criminal Law is pressured to disregard it when raised as a defence. This Law-Culture confrontation will guide the work written below. As an example, FGM will be discussed, its legal context, its motivations, the practicality rate, and the way the court faces, in our view, these instigating circumstances. This practice is particularly secretive and often goes unpunished, perhaps due to ignorance or, who knows, the disregard around it. It is often ridiculed, literally criminalized, without any sort of assumption. However, it is important to warn that it will be scrutinised and analysed on a case-by-case basis in order to understand how the Law deals with it. At the same time, a more in-depth study will be carried out on the cultural motivations that precede the practice of a crime such as FGM, raising the question of whether we can speak of a cultural defence that, if prevented, raises the issue of cultural preference. Finally, there is a discrepancy between the diplomas, which reflects the coldness of the Law in dimensions that are unknown. There is a clear violation of the Right to Culture and the Right to a defence that considers the person as a whole. Culture is clearly disregarded, denied and even intentionally degraded by the Law. Perhaps Justice should not be as blind as it has always intended to be.
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Keywords
Cultura Mutilação genital feminina Direito à cultura Crime culturalmente motivado Cultura como defesa Convenção de Istambul Culture Feminine genital mutilation Right to culture Cultural motivated crime Cultural defense Convention of Istanbul