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Abstract(s)
O Memorando de Entendimento assinado entre o Governo português e a troika, na sequência da crise económica e financeira desencadeada em 2008, definiu um conjunto de medidas de redução na despesa pública, de reorganização do setor público e de redução na chamada “rigidez” do mercado de trabalho que têm vindo a ter efeitos negativos na situação das pessoas que usam drogas (PUD), nomeadamente a redução das despesas públicas com prestações sociais e com a provisão de serviços que atendem estas pessoas. Esta situação tem particular acuidade num país que é internacionalmente reconhecido por ter uma política de drogas de natureza multissetorial, contemplando iniciativas ao nível da prevenção, redução de riscos, tratamento e reinserção socioprofissional.
Para além dos efeitos que a crise e a austeridade estão a ter ao nível da política de drogas e do mercado de trabalho, também é preciso tomar em conta os seus efeitos ao nível da economia paralela onde as PUD podem procurar fontes de rendimento para assegurar a sua subsistência.
Este estudo pretendeu analisar em que medida são percecionadas, pelos atores-chave no fenómeno droga e desde 2008, alterações no acesso ao emprego e à economia paralela por parte de PUD, e em que medida estarão essas alterações relacionadas com as políticas de austeridade. Nesta investigação de caráter exploratório, integraram-se técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas, numa abordagem metodológica mista. Os resultados sugerem um aumento das dificuldades das PUD no acesso ao emprego, assim como um aumento do recurso a atividades paralelas. Ambas as tendências foram atribuídas às medidas de austeridade, sobretudo por via de uma retração nas políticas de proteção social e de reinserção socioprofissional.
The Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Portuguese Government and troika, following the economic and financial crisis that started in 2008, defined a set of measures for reducing public spending, reorganizing the public sector and reducing the "rigidity" of the labour market which have been generating negative effects on the situation of people who use drugs (PWUD), namely by a reduction in public spending on social services and in the provision of services for PWUD. This situation is particularly acute in a country that is internationally recognized for having a cross sectoral drug policy model, which include measures directed at prevention, harm reduction, treatment and socio-professional reintegration. In addition to the effects of the crisis and austerity in terms of drug policy and in the labour market, it is also necessary to take into account its effects on the parallel economy, where PWUD can look for sources of income for their subsistance. The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the key-actors in the drug phenomena perceive changes, since 2008, in access to employment and to parallel economy by PWUD, and to what extent are these changes related to austerity policies. This study has an exploratory nature, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques, in a mixed method approach. The results obtained suggest an increase of difficulties in accessing to the labour markets by PWUD, as well as an increase in the involvement in parallel economy activities. Both trends were attributed to the austerity measures, especially through a decline in social protection and socio-professional reintegration policies.
The Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Portuguese Government and troika, following the economic and financial crisis that started in 2008, defined a set of measures for reducing public spending, reorganizing the public sector and reducing the "rigidity" of the labour market which have been generating negative effects on the situation of people who use drugs (PWUD), namely by a reduction in public spending on social services and in the provision of services for PWUD. This situation is particularly acute in a country that is internationally recognized for having a cross sectoral drug policy model, which include measures directed at prevention, harm reduction, treatment and socio-professional reintegration. In addition to the effects of the crisis and austerity in terms of drug policy and in the labour market, it is also necessary to take into account its effects on the parallel economy, where PWUD can look for sources of income for their subsistance. The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the key-actors in the drug phenomena perceive changes, since 2008, in access to employment and to parallel economy by PWUD, and to what extent are these changes related to austerity policies. This study has an exploratory nature, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques, in a mixed method approach. The results obtained suggest an increase of difficulties in accessing to the labour markets by PWUD, as well as an increase in the involvement in parallel economy activities. Both trends were attributed to the austerity measures, especially through a decline in social protection and socio-professional reintegration policies.
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Keywords
Emprego Economia paralela PUD Austeridade Políticas sociais Employment Parallel economy PWUD Austerity Social policies