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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação inscreve-se na área temática da ética e, mais
especificamente, da ética social, adotando uma metodologia de análise
qualitativa, hermenêutica, e promovendo um debate do ponto de vista ético.
Considerando o contexto de crise económica, financeira e social vivida em
Portugal na última década, este trabalho final de mestrado tem como objetivo
analisar alguns dos seus efeitos, de um ponto de vista ético. De forma mais
específica, pretendemos questionar dois fenómenos bem delimitados: a
sustentabilidade da Segurança Social em Portugal no quadro das
transformações do Estado-Providência nas últimas décadas e o aumento
acentuado da emigração durante os anos de crise. Assim sendo, as questões de
investigação que animaram esta dissertação são as seguintes: será possível a
Segurança Social continuar a ser sustentável em Portugal, ou terá ela sido
comprometida pela crise? Que efeitos sobre a sustentabilidade da segurança
social poderá o aumento da emigração ter, sobretudo o da emigração
qualificada? Finalmente, e como questão mais geral, o trabalho analisa em que
medida é que podemos considerar que o Estado-Providência e instituições
como a Segurança Social podem ser considerados bens éticos. Mostrando que,
de facto, o são, apresentam-se então os problemas de sustentabilidade da
Segurança Social, bem como a emigração não escolhida como problemas éticos
que exigem discussão e deliberação pública. Os resultados mostram que, de
momento, a Segurança Social em Portugal ainda é sustentável mas que vários
cenários são possíveis, dependendo da evolução da mesma; os cenários de
sustentabilidade, insustentabilidade ou reformulação profunda são discutidos,
assinalando, no entanto, a desejabilidade da sua sustentabilidade.
This research places itself within the thematic scope of ethics; more specifically, it delves on social ethics, adopting a qualitative, hermeneutical analysis and promoting an ethical discussion. Against the backdrop of the economic, financial and social crisis lived in Portugal that has rocked Portugal in the last decade, this master’s thesis established the goal of analyzing some of its effects from an ethical standpoint. It aims to question two wellcircumscribed phenomena: the sustainability of Social Security in Portugal amidst the transformations of the so-called Welfare State in recent decades; and the steep increase of emigration during the crisis years. Thus, the research questions are the following: is it possible that the Portuguese Social Security system remains sustainable, or has it been compromised by the crisis? What effect can the steep increase in emigration and notably highly qualified emigration have for Social Security in Portugal? Lastly, and as a more general question, the thesis shows to what extent the Welfare State and institutions such as Social Security can be considered as ethical goods. Bearing this in mind, it then describes the sustainability problems of Social Security, as well as involuntary emigration as ethical problems that call for public deliberation and discussion. The results show that, for the moment, Social Security in Portugal is still sustainable but that several scenarios for its future remain open, depending on its evolution. Finally, the thesis discusses sustainable, unsustainable and radical transformation scenarios, emphasizing the desirability of maintaining its sustainability.
This research places itself within the thematic scope of ethics; more specifically, it delves on social ethics, adopting a qualitative, hermeneutical analysis and promoting an ethical discussion. Against the backdrop of the economic, financial and social crisis lived in Portugal that has rocked Portugal in the last decade, this master’s thesis established the goal of analyzing some of its effects from an ethical standpoint. It aims to question two wellcircumscribed phenomena: the sustainability of Social Security in Portugal amidst the transformations of the so-called Welfare State in recent decades; and the steep increase of emigration during the crisis years. Thus, the research questions are the following: is it possible that the Portuguese Social Security system remains sustainable, or has it been compromised by the crisis? What effect can the steep increase in emigration and notably highly qualified emigration have for Social Security in Portugal? Lastly, and as a more general question, the thesis shows to what extent the Welfare State and institutions such as Social Security can be considered as ethical goods. Bearing this in mind, it then describes the sustainability problems of Social Security, as well as involuntary emigration as ethical problems that call for public deliberation and discussion. The results show that, for the moment, Social Security in Portugal is still sustainable but that several scenarios for its future remain open, depending on its evolution. Finally, the thesis discusses sustainable, unsustainable and radical transformation scenarios, emphasizing the desirability of maintaining its sustainability.
Description
Keywords
Crise Emigração Ética Estado social Segurança social Crisis Emigration Ethics Social security Welfare state