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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo almeja, de alguma forma, contribuir para uma análise ao regime dos privilégios creditórios, estudando a evolução da proteção conferida aos créditos dos trabalhadores e o seu regime, atual, em contexto de insolvência. Foram estabelecidos dois tipos de privilégios creditórios, - que constituem uma preferência no pagamento de determinados créditos atribuída por lei a certos credores-, no art. 333º do CT. Um geral para bens móveis cuja solução adotada levanta questões em relação à preferência desse privilégio com outros direitos estabelecidos anteriormente considerando que a melhor solução passaria por aplicar o regime estabelecido no artigo 751.º, ao invés do artigo 749. º do Código Civil. Estipulou-se, por outro lado, um privilégio imobiliário especial sobre o imóvel onde os trabalhadores prestam a sua atividade. No entanto, a definição precisa desse imóvel tem sido debatida. Duas interpretações principais surgiram: uma mais restritiva e outra mais ampla, tendo o AUJ n.º 8/2016 optado pela interpretação mais ampla, mas com uma exceção para empresas de construção civil insolventes que possuem imóveis construídos para comercialização. Dado o número significativo de insolvências na construção civil e o facto de que esses imóveis frequentemente constituem o núcleo do património dessas empresas, surge a questão de saber quais as garantias dos trabalhadores em empresas que não possuem bens penhoráveis. Neste estudo, apresentaremos os argumentos que nos levam a advogar que o sistema de garantias aos créditos laborais, criado pelo ordenamento jurídico português e até comunitário, é pouco eficiente na proteção dos créditos dos trabalhadores. A solução atual no que concerne à abrangência dos privilégios creditórios laborais, deveria ser alterada para uma tutela mais adequada aos créditos laborais, conforme parece ser a intenção do legislador ao preconizar a solução do art. 333.º do CT, atento o facto de o direito à retribuição ser considerado direito análogo aos direitos, liberdades e garantias.
The present study aims, in some way, to contribute to analysing the credit privileges regime, studying the evolution of the protection granted to workers’ credits and its current regime, in the context of insolvency. Two types of credit privileges have been established, constituting a preference in the payment of certain credits attributed by law to certain creditors – in article 333 of the Labour Code. A general one for movable assets, whose adopted solution raises questions regarding the preference of this privilege with other previously established rights, considering that the best solution would be to apply the regime established in article 751, instead of article 749 of the Civil Code. On the other hand, a special real estate privilege pertains over the property where the workers carry out their activities. However, the precise definition of this property has been the subject of some debate. Two main interpretations have emerged: one more restrictive and the other somewhat broader, with AUJ number 8/2016 opting for the broader interpretation, but with an exception for insolvent construction companies that own properties built for sale. Given the significant number of insolvencies in construction and the fact that these properties often constitute the core of the assets of these companies, the question arises as to what guarantees are available to workers in companies that do not have seizable assets. In this study, we will present the arguments that lead us to advocate that the system of guarantees for labour credits, created by the Portuguese and even Community legal systems, does not go far enough in protecting workers’ credits. The current solution regarding the scope of labour credit privileges should be altered to allow for more appropriate protection for labour credits, as appears to be the intention of legislators when recommending the solution in article 333 of the Labour Code, bearing in mind that the right to retribution is considered a right analogous to rights, freedoms and guarantees.
The present study aims, in some way, to contribute to analysing the credit privileges regime, studying the evolution of the protection granted to workers’ credits and its current regime, in the context of insolvency. Two types of credit privileges have been established, constituting a preference in the payment of certain credits attributed by law to certain creditors – in article 333 of the Labour Code. A general one for movable assets, whose adopted solution raises questions regarding the preference of this privilege with other previously established rights, considering that the best solution would be to apply the regime established in article 751, instead of article 749 of the Civil Code. On the other hand, a special real estate privilege pertains over the property where the workers carry out their activities. However, the precise definition of this property has been the subject of some debate. Two main interpretations have emerged: one more restrictive and the other somewhat broader, with AUJ number 8/2016 opting for the broader interpretation, but with an exception for insolvent construction companies that own properties built for sale. Given the significant number of insolvencies in construction and the fact that these properties often constitute the core of the assets of these companies, the question arises as to what guarantees are available to workers in companies that do not have seizable assets. In this study, we will present the arguments that lead us to advocate that the system of guarantees for labour credits, created by the Portuguese and even Community legal systems, does not go far enough in protecting workers’ credits. The current solution regarding the scope of labour credit privileges should be altered to allow for more appropriate protection for labour credits, as appears to be the intention of legislators when recommending the solution in article 333 of the Labour Code, bearing in mind that the right to retribution is considered a right analogous to rights, freedoms and guarantees.
Description
Keywords
Privilégios creditórios Insolvência Trabalhadores Créditos laborais Graduação de créditos Acórdão uniformizador de jurisprudência Fundo de garantia salarial Credit privileges Insolvency Workers Labour credits Credit graduation Standardising jurisprudence ruling Salary guarantee fund