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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A incidência do cancro tem aumentado substancialmente no último século, e o seu tratamento acarreta vários efeitos secundários. A nível oral podemos observar mucosite, alterações das glândulas salivares, disfagia, disgueusia, cáries rampantes, hemorragias provocadas por discrasias sanguíneas, osteorradionecrose e osteoquimionecrose. Assim, é importante que o médico dentista esteja familiarizado com estas manifestações orais de forma a conseguir proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida aos doentes oncológicos.
Objectivos: Avaliar as manifestações orais do tratamento oncológico, de forma a elaborar um protocolo de actuação que permita minimizar e tratar potenciais complicações associadas a este tipo de terapia.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi feita observação e aplicação de questionários aos doentes submetidos a quimioterapia no Hospital de Dia do Hospital de S.Teotónio - Viseu, entre Abril e Maio de 2012. Determinou-se a frequência do tipo de tumor, do estadio tumoral, dos esquemas terapêuticos, das manifestações orais, bem como do acompanhamento e aconselhamento oral, relacionando-se todas estas variáveis. Para o tratamento estatístico da informação recolhida utilizaram-se o teste exacto de Fisher e a matriz de correlação.
Resultados: Obteve-se uma amostra de 30 pacientes. Metade da nossa amostra – 50% (n=15) – foi diagnosticada em estadio cancerígeno IV, de acordo com a classificação TNM. O tumor mais frequente foi o colo-rectal, afectando 63,3% (n=19). Portanto, os esquemas terapêuticos mais frequentes foram o Folfox – 40% (n=12) – e o Folfiri – 20% (n=6), ambos administrados para este tipo tumoral. Por paciente, em média, são observadas 1,87 (±1,22) manifestações orais, sendo a xerostomia a mais frequente, seguida da mucosite oral. Da amostra em estudo, 30% (n=9) teve acompanhamento da saúde oral, contudo apenas 4 doentes (13,3%) foram aconselhados a visitar o seu médico dentista.
Conclusão: O acompanhamento pelo médico dentista antes, durante e após o tratamento oncológico é de extrema importância para minimizar os seus efeitos colaterais. Por isso, o médico dentista deve fazer parte integrante da equipa oncológica desde o planeamento do tratamento, de forma a prevenir e tratar qualquer manifestação oral, melhorando a qualidade de vida do doente oncológico.
Introduction: The incidence of cancer has substantially increased in the last century, and cancer treatment conveys numerous side effects. At oral level we can observe mucositis, changes in salivary glands, dysphagia, dysgeusia, rampant caries, bleeding caused by blood dyscrasias, and osteoradionecrosis osteocchemonecrosis. Thus, it is important that the dentist is acquainted with these oral signs in order to be able to provide better life quality to cancer patients. Objective: To evaluate the oral manifestations of cancer treatment, so as to develop an action protocol to minimise and treat potential complications related to this type of therapy. Material and methods: Observation and questionnaires were applied to patients undergoing chemotherapy in Hospital de Dia de S.Teotónio - Viseu between April and May 2012. The frequency of tumor type, stage of the tumor, therapeutic regimens, and oral manifestations were determined, as well as monitoring and oral advising, involving all these variables. For the statistical processing of the collected information was used the Fisher's exact test and the correlation matrix. Results: It was collected a sample of 30 patients. Half of them - 50% (n = 15) - was diagnosed cancer in stage IV according to TNM classification. The most common tumor was the colorectal, affecting 63.3% (n = 19). Therefore, the most frequent treatment procedures were the Folfox - 40% (n = 12) - and Folfiri - 20% (n = 6), both administered for colorectal tumor. On average, they are observed 1.87 (± 1.22) oral manifestations per patient; xerostomia is the most common, followed by oral mucositis. From the study sample, 30% (n = 9) had oral monitoring, however only 4 patients (13.3%) were advised to visit their dentist. Conclusion: The dentist’s monitoring before, during and after cancer treatment is of utmost importance to reduce its side effects. Therefore, the dentist must be part of the oncology team since the treatment planning in order to prevent and treat any oral manifestation, improving the life quality of cancer patients.
Introduction: The incidence of cancer has substantially increased in the last century, and cancer treatment conveys numerous side effects. At oral level we can observe mucositis, changes in salivary glands, dysphagia, dysgeusia, rampant caries, bleeding caused by blood dyscrasias, and osteoradionecrosis osteocchemonecrosis. Thus, it is important that the dentist is acquainted with these oral signs in order to be able to provide better life quality to cancer patients. Objective: To evaluate the oral manifestations of cancer treatment, so as to develop an action protocol to minimise and treat potential complications related to this type of therapy. Material and methods: Observation and questionnaires were applied to patients undergoing chemotherapy in Hospital de Dia de S.Teotónio - Viseu between April and May 2012. The frequency of tumor type, stage of the tumor, therapeutic regimens, and oral manifestations were determined, as well as monitoring and oral advising, involving all these variables. For the statistical processing of the collected information was used the Fisher's exact test and the correlation matrix. Results: It was collected a sample of 30 patients. Half of them - 50% (n = 15) - was diagnosed cancer in stage IV according to TNM classification. The most common tumor was the colorectal, affecting 63.3% (n = 19). Therefore, the most frequent treatment procedures were the Folfox - 40% (n = 12) - and Folfiri - 20% (n = 6), both administered for colorectal tumor. On average, they are observed 1.87 (± 1.22) oral manifestations per patient; xerostomia is the most common, followed by oral mucositis. From the study sample, 30% (n = 9) had oral monitoring, however only 4 patients (13.3%) were advised to visit their dentist. Conclusion: The dentist’s monitoring before, during and after cancer treatment is of utmost importance to reduce its side effects. Therefore, the dentist must be part of the oncology team since the treatment planning in order to prevent and treat any oral manifestation, improving the life quality of cancer patients.
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Keywords
Tratamento oncológico Manifestações orais Mucosite oral Xerostomia Disfagia Disgueusia Osteorradionecrose Osteoquimionecrose Guidelines de tratamento Cancer treatment Oral complications Xerostomia Dysphagia Dysgeusia Osteoradionecrosis Osteocchemonecrosis