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A exploração de petróleo e gás natural e os seus modelos de contratualização no ordenamento jurídico angolano
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O presente trabalho analisa a exploração e produção de petróleo em Angola, com principal incidência no setor Upstream, um setor industrial de cariz internacional muitas vezes marcado por crises e por circunstâncias geopolíticas de uma sociedade internacional. O petróleo é um produto intimamente imbricado nas estratégias nacionais, no poder e nas políticas globais, promove e enriquece, assim como divide e destrói inúmeras economias e nações. Isto porque, devido à escassez, é necessária a prospeção e exploração do petróleo em todo mundo.
O ponto de partida do trabalho (Capítulo II) foi uma pesquisa realizada, para lá da breve contextualização, sobre o regime jurídico do acesso e atribuição de direitos de exploração dos recursos geológicos no ordenamento jurídico angolano e, também, sobre a necessidade de demonstrar o seu enquadramento, quer constitucional, quer legal, e a relevância e o papel das National Oil Companies (NOC), em conformidade com as International Oil Companies (IOC), tendo em conta as principias referências originárias típicas do Estado. Assim, procurou-se destacar um tema central e preponderante na estratégia de qualquer Estado produtor — o investimento privado e a atividade pública. Tendo em conta a instabilidade e o desequilíbrio que o setor atualmente atravessa, mormente em Angola, procurou-se buscar fundamentos e soluções atrativos para o ambiente de investimento no país, em particular no setor petrolífero, de forma que se encontrasse uma relação satisfatória para todos os stakeholders.
Em seguida (Capítulo III), foi realizada uma abordagem efetiva ao tema, nomeadamente, os modelos contratuais típicos na indústria do petróleo. Sob a perspetiva do ordenamento jurídico angolano, tendo-se em conta a sua relevância ante o direito internacional.
O petróleo foi, é e será ainda o alicerce de grandes acontecimentos, desenvolvimentos e tragédias. Neste sentido, é importante que se busque um novo paradigma, diríamos nós, uma “política do bem-viver”, capaz de traçar um caminho de esperança que prime, principal e nomeadamente, pelos valores da educação e dos direitos humanos. Saber o que é humano é saber as consequências que, por detrás dos grandiosos e excelentes contratos desta indústria petrolífera estará um país em vias de desenvolvimento, um Estado com muitas necessidades financeiras, sociais e culturais, e milhares de pessoas à mercê do que for por “eles” determinado.
This paper analyzes the exploration and production of oil in Angola, with a major impact on the Upstream sector, an industrial sector of international nature that is often marked by crises and geopolitical circumstances of an international society. Oil is a product closely intertwined with national strategies, global power and politics. It thus promotes and enriches, but it can divide and destroy countless economies and nations, the fact that, due to shortage, it is necessary to prospect and exploit oil everywhere in the world. The starting point of the work (Chapter II) was a research carried out on, besides the brief contextualization, the legal regime of the access and attribution of rights of exploitation of the geological resources in the Angolan legal framework, and also the necessity of demonstrating the relevance and role of the National Oil Companies (NOC) in accordance with the International Oil Companies (IOC), taking into account the main original references typical of the State itself. Accordingly, it was sought to highlight a central and preponderant theme in the strategy of any producer State, private investment and public activity, considering the instability and imbalance that the sector is currently experiencing, especially in Angola, sought to find grounds and attractive solutions to the investment environment in the country, particularly in the oil sector, in order to find a satisfactory relationship for all stakeholders. Then, in Chapter III, an effective approach was taken to the theme, namely the typical contractual models in the oil industry. Under the perspective of Angolan legal system, was taken into account its relevance under international law. Oil was, is and will still be the bedrock of great events, developments and tragedies. In this sense, it is important to seek a new paradigm, we would say, a “policy of well-being”, capable of charting a path of hope, which mainly emphasizes values such as education and human rights. To know what is human is to know the consequences that behind great and excellent contracts for this oil industry will be a developing country, a state with many financial, social and cultural needs, and thousands of people at the mercy of whatever by “them” determined.
This paper analyzes the exploration and production of oil in Angola, with a major impact on the Upstream sector, an industrial sector of international nature that is often marked by crises and geopolitical circumstances of an international society. Oil is a product closely intertwined with national strategies, global power and politics. It thus promotes and enriches, but it can divide and destroy countless economies and nations, the fact that, due to shortage, it is necessary to prospect and exploit oil everywhere in the world. The starting point of the work (Chapter II) was a research carried out on, besides the brief contextualization, the legal regime of the access and attribution of rights of exploitation of the geological resources in the Angolan legal framework, and also the necessity of demonstrating the relevance and role of the National Oil Companies (NOC) in accordance with the International Oil Companies (IOC), taking into account the main original references typical of the State itself. Accordingly, it was sought to highlight a central and preponderant theme in the strategy of any producer State, private investment and public activity, considering the instability and imbalance that the sector is currently experiencing, especially in Angola, sought to find grounds and attractive solutions to the investment environment in the country, particularly in the oil sector, in order to find a satisfactory relationship for all stakeholders. Then, in Chapter III, an effective approach was taken to the theme, namely the typical contractual models in the oil industry. Under the perspective of Angolan legal system, was taken into account its relevance under international law. Oil was, is and will still be the bedrock of great events, developments and tragedies. In this sense, it is important to seek a new paradigm, we would say, a “policy of well-being”, capable of charting a path of hope, which mainly emphasizes values such as education and human rights. To know what is human is to know the consequences that behind great and excellent contracts for this oil industry will be a developing country, a state with many financial, social and cultural needs, and thousands of people at the mercy of whatever by “them” determined.