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Controlo da tuberculose latente : intervenção a grupo de enfermeiros de uma unidade de saúde pública
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A tuberculose, apesar de ser uma doença com muitos anos de existência e do seu agente infecioso ser bem conhecido, continua a ser um desafio e a ter um lugar de destaque nas políticas de saúde. As medidas mundialmente implementadas têm resultado numa redução paulatina no número de casos. Estima-se que cerca de um quarto da população mundial esteja infetada com o Mycobacterium tuberculosis (seja sob a forma latente ou de doença). Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, em 2019, cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas foram afetadas por esta doença, mantendo-se como a principal causa de morte provocada por um único agente infecioso. Perante esta realidade, justifica-se que os profissionais de saúde, em especial os enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem comunitária, na área de enfermagem de saúde comunitária e de saúde pública, desempenhem um papel fulcral em todos os níveis de prevenção. A informação que se pode obter junto das pessoas com tuberculose é inestimável. Pois, através da recolha dessa informação que se obtêm dados para a monitorização de casos em concreto, mas também se consegue reunir informação que contribui para a leitura global do fenómeno da tuberculose. Com o apoio do avanço tecnológico a que se tem assistido, houve uma inevitável evolução nos sistemas de informação em enfermagem. Contudo, estes podem conter uma imensidão de dados, mas serem pobres em conhecimento; por não serem frutíferos nas evidências que daí provêm e por os registos de enfermagem não espelharem os cuidados prestados. Em virtude da importância e pertinência desta temática, foi desenvolvido um projeto de intervenção junto dos enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Saúde Pública, para instituir na consulta de enfermagem ao cliente com tuberculose latente. Este projeto assenta na metodologia de planeamento em saúde de António Tavares e no referencial teórico de Afaf Meleis (Teoria das Transições). Durante a realização do projeto, percebeu-se que há falta de dados dos cuidados prestados, mas que, com a sistematização dos registos de enfermagem, será possível obter os ganhos em saúde e integrar a prática baseada na evidência e, deste modo, traduzir a qualidade de cuidados que se preconiza.
Tuberculosis, despite being a disease with many years of existence and its infectious agent being well known, it continues to be a challenge and to have a prominent place in health policies. The measures implemented worldwide have resulted in a gradual reduction in the number of cases. It is estimated that about a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (either in the latent or disease form). According to World Health Organization, in 2019, about 10 million people were affected by this disease, remaining the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Facing this reality, it is justified that health professionals, especially nurses specialising in community health and public health nursing, play a crucial role at all levels of prevention. The information that can be obtained from people with tuberculosis is invaluable. By collecting this information, not only data is obtained for monitoring specific cases, but it is also possible to gather information that contributes to a global reading of the tuberculosis phenomenon. With the support of technological advances, there has been an inevitable evolution in nursing information systems. However, these systems may contain a vast amount of data, but be poor in knowledge because they are not fruitful in terms of the evidence they provide and because nursing records do not reflect the care provided. Based on the importance and relevance of this subject, an intervention project was developed with the nurses of a Public Health Unit to be implemented in the nursing consultation to patients with latent tuberculosis. This project is based on António Tavares's health planning methodology and Afaf Meleis's theoretical referential (Transitions Theory). During the implementation of the project, it was realized that there is a lack of data on the care provided. Although, with the systematization of nursing records, it will be possible to achieve health gains and integrate evidence-based practice, and thereby translate the recommended quality of care.
Tuberculosis, despite being a disease with many years of existence and its infectious agent being well known, it continues to be a challenge and to have a prominent place in health policies. The measures implemented worldwide have resulted in a gradual reduction in the number of cases. It is estimated that about a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (either in the latent or disease form). According to World Health Organization, in 2019, about 10 million people were affected by this disease, remaining the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Facing this reality, it is justified that health professionals, especially nurses specialising in community health and public health nursing, play a crucial role at all levels of prevention. The information that can be obtained from people with tuberculosis is invaluable. By collecting this information, not only data is obtained for monitoring specific cases, but it is also possible to gather information that contributes to a global reading of the tuberculosis phenomenon. With the support of technological advances, there has been an inevitable evolution in nursing information systems. However, these systems may contain a vast amount of data, but be poor in knowledge because they are not fruitful in terms of the evidence they provide and because nursing records do not reflect the care provided. Based on the importance and relevance of this subject, an intervention project was developed with the nurses of a Public Health Unit to be implemented in the nursing consultation to patients with latent tuberculosis. This project is based on António Tavares's health planning methodology and Afaf Meleis's theoretical referential (Transitions Theory). During the implementation of the project, it was realized that there is a lack of data on the care provided. Although, with the systematization of nursing records, it will be possible to achieve health gains and integrate evidence-based practice, and thereby translate the recommended quality of care.
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Tuberculose Tuberculose latente Sistemas de informação Registos de enfermagem Qualidade Tuberculosis Latent tuberculosis Information systems Nursing records Quality