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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a necessidade da criação de um regime jurídico próprio para a arbitragem em direito administrativo. É notório que ao árbitro incumbe um papel central no sistema de justiça arbitral, razão pela qual nos focaremos no respetivo estatuto, mais concretamente, nos requisitos para a respetiva designação, os seus direitos e deveres, bem como nas potenciais situações de conflito de interesses em que possam incorrer. O quadro normativo atualmente aplicável neste contexto encontra-se disperso por um conjunto de diplomas: no essencial, a Lei da Arbitragem Voluntária, a que se somam algumas normas específicas previstas no Código de Processo nos Tribunais Administrativos, e, mais recentemente, no Regime Jurídico da Arbitragem Tributária. Partindo dos moldes em que se encontra atualmente regulado o estatuto dos árbitros, a questão que se coloca é a de saber se o regime da Lei da Arbitragem Voluntária, que releva originariamente do universo do comércio privado, pode responder adequadamente às exigências próprias que se colocam no quadro da resolução de litígios de direito administrativo ou se, pelo contrário, o mesmo é omisso quanto a aspetos importantes. Para o efeito, analisámos os mais recentes desenvolvimentos em Portugal, onde as sucessivas alterações do Código de Processo nos Tribunais Administrativos têm introduzido algumas disposições específicas nesta matéria, e onde, em 2011, foi adotado um regime especial para a arbitragem tributária. Analisámos também os desenvolvimentos no contexto da arbitragem internacional, onde a questão do double hatting tem sido objeto de um aceso debate. Com base nessa análise, identificámos as principais omissões e dificuldades interpretativas. A conclusão final é de que a criação de um normativo próprio se apresenta como inteiramente justificada, pelo que, tendo por referência a proposta para um regime jurídico da arbitragem administrativa, recentemente desenvolvida por um Grupo de Trabalho sob a coordenação de Tiago Serrão, propusemos contributos para a regulamentação do estatuto dos árbitros nas diversas dimensões que o integram.
This dissertation aims at demonstrating that a specific legal regime on administrative law arbitration is needed. Being indisputable that arbitrators play an essential role in the arbitral justice system, our focus will be on their statute, particularly on the requirements for their designation, their rights and obligations, as well as their possible conflicts of interests. The current legal framework on those aspects is scattered throughout several pieces of legislation: mainly, the Voluntary Arbitration Law, with some special rules applying pursuant to the Code of Administrative Court Procedures and, more recently, the Legal Regime for Arbitration on Tax Matters. Taking as a starting point the applicable legal rules on the statute for arbitrators, the question is whether the Voluntary Arbitration Law, with its set of rules originally conceived for commercial arbitration disputes between companies, can appropriately address the specific concerns underlying the resolution of administrative law disputes or, otherwise, leaves important questions unanswered. To that end, we analysed the most recent developments in Portugal, where successive revisions of the Code of Administrative Court Procedures introduced new specific rules on this topic, and where, in 2011, a special regime for tax arbitration was adopted. We also looked into the latest developments at international level, where the question of double hatting has sparked a spirited debate. On that basis, we identified the main existing gaps and difficulties in legal interpretation. The final conclusion is that there are solid grounds for the adoption of a specific legal regime on administrative law arbitration; consequently, we made suggestions on how to best regulate the different aspects covered by the statute for arbitrators, using as a reference a proposal for a legal regime on arbitration in administrative disputes, recently drafted by a working group under the coordination of Tiago Serrão.
This dissertation aims at demonstrating that a specific legal regime on administrative law arbitration is needed. Being indisputable that arbitrators play an essential role in the arbitral justice system, our focus will be on their statute, particularly on the requirements for their designation, their rights and obligations, as well as their possible conflicts of interests. The current legal framework on those aspects is scattered throughout several pieces of legislation: mainly, the Voluntary Arbitration Law, with some special rules applying pursuant to the Code of Administrative Court Procedures and, more recently, the Legal Regime for Arbitration on Tax Matters. Taking as a starting point the applicable legal rules on the statute for arbitrators, the question is whether the Voluntary Arbitration Law, with its set of rules originally conceived for commercial arbitration disputes between companies, can appropriately address the specific concerns underlying the resolution of administrative law disputes or, otherwise, leaves important questions unanswered. To that end, we analysed the most recent developments in Portugal, where successive revisions of the Code of Administrative Court Procedures introduced new specific rules on this topic, and where, in 2011, a special regime for tax arbitration was adopted. We also looked into the latest developments at international level, where the question of double hatting has sparked a spirited debate. On that basis, we identified the main existing gaps and difficulties in legal interpretation. The final conclusion is that there are solid grounds for the adoption of a specific legal regime on administrative law arbitration; consequently, we made suggestions on how to best regulate the different aspects covered by the statute for arbitrators, using as a reference a proposal for a legal regime on arbitration in administrative disputes, recently drafted by a working group under the coordination of Tiago Serrão.
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Arbitragem administrativa Estatuto do árbitro Normativo próprio Administrative law arbitration Statute for arbitrators Specific legal regime