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A tese apresenta uma história da Rádio Ecclesia, uma estação de rádio fundada pela Igreja Católica em 1954, dando particular relevo à sua relação com os diferentes poderes políticos, desde o regime colonial aos governos de José Eduardo dos Santos e João Lourenço (2019). Baseada em fontes documentais recolhidas em arquivos institucionais e particulares sediados em Luanda, Lubango, Lisboa, Paris, Madrid, Roma e em revisão bibliográfica, a tese começa por abordar a fundação das rádios no início da década de 30. Em seguida, apresenta uma história da relação da Rádio Ecclesia com os regimes colonial (1954-1974), marxista (1975-1978) e multipartidário (1978-2019). A partir desta pesquisa foi possível perceber que, durante o período do colonialismo até ao regime multipartidário, em Angola, a relação da Rádio Ecclesia oscilou entre a cooperação institucional com o regime colonial e o conflito com os regimes marxista e multipartidário. Com base na investigação realizada, concluímos que a Rádio Ecclesia colaborou com o Estado Novo na manutenção do regime colonial em Angola, ao abrigo da Concordata entre a Santa Sé e o Estado Português. Ao contrário, a Ecclesia manteve uma relação conflituosa com o regime marxista que não tolerava a existência de uma estação que propagasse a doutrina católica adversa à ideologia comunista em vigor na República Popular de Angola. Com o regime multipartidário, a estação católica angolana manteve igualmente uma relação de conflito aberto, por inserir, na sua grelha de programas, espaços de debate nos quais participavam os partidos políticos da oposição e por dar voz às populações que denunciavam actos de corrupção cometidos por instituições do Estado. Por esta razão, o Ministério da Comunicação Social bloqueou o projecto de expansão nacional das emissões, depois de acusar a Ecclesia da prática de “terrorismo de rádio”. O conflito da Rádio Ecclesia com o governo de Angola, resolvido graças à intervenção directa do Presidente João Lourenço em Janeiro de 2018, sugeriu e incentivou o episcopado angolano a empreender um esforço tendente à regularização e à normalização das relações diplomáticas entre a República de Angola e o Vaticano, mediante a assinatura, a 21 de Outubro de 2019, de um Acordo-Quadro que define os critérios do uso dos media pela Igreja Católica.
The thesis presents a history of Radio Ecclesia, a radio station founded by the Catholic Church in 1954, giving particular importance to its relationship with different political powers, from the colonial regime to the governments of Jose Eduardo dos Santos in 2017. Based on documentary sources collected in institutional and private archives based in Luanda, Lubango, Lisbon, Paris, Madrid, Rome and on a bibliographic review, the thesis begins by addressing the foundation of Catholic radio in the early 30's. It then presents a history of Radio Ecclesia's relationship with colonial, Marxist and multiparty regimes. The investigation made possible to infer that, during the period of colonialism until the multiparty regime, in Angola, Radio Ecclesia's relationship oscillated between institutional cooperation with the colonial regime (1954-1974) and the conflict with the marxist (1975-1978) and multiparty regimes (1978-2017). Based on these results, we conclude that Radio Ecclesia collaborated with the Estado Novo in maintaining the colonial regime in Angola, under the Concordat between the Holy See and the Portuguese State. On the contrary, Ecclesia maintained a conflicting relationship with the Marxist regime that did not tolerate the coexistence of a station that taught Catholic doctrine that was opposite to the communist ideology in force in the People's Republic of Angola. With the multiparty regime, the Angolan Catholic station maintained a conflictual relationship, by inserting, in its program schedule, pluralistic debate, in which opposition to political parties participated and give a voice to populations that denounced acts of corruption committed by institutions of State. For this reason, the Ministry of Social Communication blocked the project of national expansion of broadcasts, after accusing Ecclesia of practicing “radio terrorism”. The conflict between Radio Ecclesia and the Angolan government, resolved with direct intervention of President Joao Lourenco in January 2018, suggested and encouraged the Angolan episcopate to undertake an effort aimed at the regularization and normalization of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Angola and the Vatican, by signing, on 21 October 2019, a Framework Agreement that defines the criteria for the use of the media by the Catholic Church.
The thesis presents a history of Radio Ecclesia, a radio station founded by the Catholic Church in 1954, giving particular importance to its relationship with different political powers, from the colonial regime to the governments of Jose Eduardo dos Santos in 2017. Based on documentary sources collected in institutional and private archives based in Luanda, Lubango, Lisbon, Paris, Madrid, Rome and on a bibliographic review, the thesis begins by addressing the foundation of Catholic radio in the early 30's. It then presents a history of Radio Ecclesia's relationship with colonial, Marxist and multiparty regimes. The investigation made possible to infer that, during the period of colonialism until the multiparty regime, in Angola, Radio Ecclesia's relationship oscillated between institutional cooperation with the colonial regime (1954-1974) and the conflict with the marxist (1975-1978) and multiparty regimes (1978-2017). Based on these results, we conclude that Radio Ecclesia collaborated with the Estado Novo in maintaining the colonial regime in Angola, under the Concordat between the Holy See and the Portuguese State. On the contrary, Ecclesia maintained a conflicting relationship with the Marxist regime that did not tolerate the coexistence of a station that taught Catholic doctrine that was opposite to the communist ideology in force in the People's Republic of Angola. With the multiparty regime, the Angolan Catholic station maintained a conflictual relationship, by inserting, in its program schedule, pluralistic debate, in which opposition to political parties participated and give a voice to populations that denounced acts of corruption committed by institutions of State. For this reason, the Ministry of Social Communication blocked the project of national expansion of broadcasts, after accusing Ecclesia of practicing “radio terrorism”. The conflict between Radio Ecclesia and the Angolan government, resolved with direct intervention of President Joao Lourenco in January 2018, suggested and encouraged the Angolan episcopate to undertake an effort aimed at the regularization and normalization of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Angola and the Vatican, by signing, on 21 October 2019, a Framework Agreement that defines the criteria for the use of the media by the Catholic Church.
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Keywords
História da rádio Igreja e estado Colonialismo Marxismo e regime multipartidário Radio history Church and state Colonialism Marxism and multiparty regime