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A legitimidade activa para a propositura de acções colectivas para tutela do consumidor
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A presente dissertação tem como objecto a legitimidade activa para a propositura de acções colectivas para tutela dos interesses colectivos dos consumidores no ordenamento jurídico português. O seu objectivo central consiste em analisar a particular configuração desse pressuposto processual, tendo em conta as inovações trazidas pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 114-A/2023, de 5 de Dezembro, que transpõe a Directiva (UE) 2020/1828, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho de 25 de Novembro de 2020. O estudo parte de um enquadramento geral da tutela popular, através de uma contextualização histórica do direito fundamental de acção popular, consagrado no art. 52.º, n.º 3 da Constituição da República Portuguesa. Explorando as diferenças entre interesses difusos, colectivos e individuais homogéneos, traça-se uma distinção entre a acção popular e a acção colectiva, sublinhando a inadequação da primeira para a tutela dos interesses colectivos do consumidor. Propugnando pela admissibilidade da atribuição de legitimidade processual às associações e fundações defensoras dos interesses dos consumidores como forma de garantir a tutela jurisdicional efectiva dos consumidores, procura-se compreender a natureza jurídico-dogmática desse fenómeno, à luz dos institutos da representação e substituição processual. Por fim, analisa-se os requisitos legais estabelecidos para a atribuição de legitimidade processual a essas entidades. Destaca-se, nesse âmbito, a problemática do financiamento por terceiro dos custos processuais e as suas implicações na independência destas organizações.
The subject of this dissertation is the active procedural standing to bring representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers in the Portuguese legal system. Its main objective is to analyze the configuration of this procedural prerequisite, considering the innovations brought about by Decree-Law no. 114-A/2023 of December 5, which transposes Directive (EU) 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020. The study starts with a general framework of popular actions, through a historical contextualization of the fundamental right of popular action, enshrined in article 52, no 3 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. Exploring the differences between diffuse, collective and homogenous individual interests, a distinction is made between popular action and collective action, highlighting the inadequacy of the former for the protection of consumers9 collective interests. While admitting the granting of procedural standing to associations and foundations, as a way of guaranteeing effective judicial protection for consumers, an attempt is made to understand the legal-dogmatic nature of this phenomenon, in the light of the institutes of procedural representation and procedural substitution. Finally, the legal requirements for granting procedural standing to these organizations are analyzed. In this context, the problem of third-party litigation funding and its implications for the independence of these organizations are highlighted.
The subject of this dissertation is the active procedural standing to bring representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers in the Portuguese legal system. Its main objective is to analyze the configuration of this procedural prerequisite, considering the innovations brought about by Decree-Law no. 114-A/2023 of December 5, which transposes Directive (EU) 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020. The study starts with a general framework of popular actions, through a historical contextualization of the fundamental right of popular action, enshrined in article 52, no 3 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. Exploring the differences between diffuse, collective and homogenous individual interests, a distinction is made between popular action and collective action, highlighting the inadequacy of the former for the protection of consumers9 collective interests. While admitting the granting of procedural standing to associations and foundations, as a way of guaranteeing effective judicial protection for consumers, an attempt is made to understand the legal-dogmatic nature of this phenomenon, in the light of the institutes of procedural representation and procedural substitution. Finally, the legal requirements for granting procedural standing to these organizations are analyzed. In this context, the problem of third-party litigation funding and its implications for the independence of these organizations are highlighted.
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Acção colectiva Interesses colectivos Acesso ao direito Tutela jurisdicional efectiva Legitimidade processual Defesa do consumidor Financiamento por terceiro dos custos processuais Collective redress Collective interests Access to law Effective judicial protection Procedural standing Consumer protection Third-party litigation funding
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Without CC licence