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Crianças e jovens em perigo : construção de um instrumento de avaliação dos cuidadores
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Compete à sociedade proteger as crianças e os jovens, norteando a nossa intervenção, tendo em conta o seu superior interesse, abordando adequadamente as causas subjacentes a todas formas de maus-tratos, negligência e abusos. Identificar os indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores implica trabalhar no sentido da promoção dos direitos e proteção das crianças. A metodologia proposta para este estudo norteia-se pelo marco da pesquisa qualitativa, consistindo na construção de um instrumento de avaliação que caracteriza em várias dimensões os cuidadores referenciados às Comissões de Proteção Crianças e Jovens, contribuindo para a identificação das suas fragilidades. A investigação efetuada organiza-se em três estudos que, no seu conjunto, procuram dar resposta a três questões centrais: quais são os indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores e os instrumentos de avaliação que emergem da realização de uma scoping review?; que indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores se encontram registados nos processos das crianças e jovens referenciados à Comissão de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens?; qual é a opinião dos peritos na área em relação à pertinência e clareza dos mesmos? Neste estudo estruturam-se quatro níveis de atividade e três questões de investigação que correspondem às diferentes etapas da construção dos indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores. O primeiro consistiu na realização de uma revisão scoping que permitiu mapear a literatura. Como resultado identificamos 36 indicadores de perigo de cuidadores de crianças e jovens referenciados aos serviços de proteção à infância. Com os resultados do estudo anterior construímos o suporte teórico para o segundo estudo de natureza exploratória e analítica, que consistiu na consulta de 20 processos da Comissão de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens, que foram alvo de uma análise detalhada onde constatámos o que se avalia nos processos das crianças e jovens referenciados, e que indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores se encontram espelhados nos mesmos. Os 43 indicadores de perigo dos cuidadores que resultaram dos dois estudos anteriores permitiram a construção do instrumento. O mesmo foi validado por peritos quanto à pertinência e clareza de cada um dos indicadores através da realização de um focus grupo. Na realização do focus grupo, cujos resultados estão espelhados no terceiro estudo, nenhum dos indicadores foi retirado, por ser consensual a todos os peritos, a sua pertinência. Foi efetuada uma reorganização dos mesmos, que resultou em 40 indicadores, sugerindo-se para todos um glossário de termos tornando mais claro e preciso o que se pretende avaliar com cada um. O instrumento de avaliação dos cuidadores, que intitulamos de instrumento de avaliação de perigo dos cuidadores das crianças e jovens referenciados à Comissão de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens, é por quatro dimensões: os padrões de interação social e económicos; onde constam 5 indicadores; as características da Família constituída por 14 indicadores; as características dos cuidadores na qual englobamos 12 indicadores, e o exercício da parentalidade que conta com 9 indicadores. Como conclusão importa referir que ao longo de todo o processo ficou marcada a necessidade de um instrumento de fácil preenchimento que aglutinasse com objetividade o que avaliar nos cuidadores garantindo o superior interesse da criança, sendo necessário agora passar à fase seguinte que consta da determinação das caraterísticas psicométricas.
It is our responsibility as a society to protect children and young people, guiding our intervention, minding their superior interests, dealing adequately with the subjacent causes to all forms of mistreatment, neglect and abuse. To identify the risk indicators of the caregivers implies to work in the promotion of children’s rights and protection. The proposed methodology for this study is guided by the standard of qualitative research, consisting in the construction of an assement tool that caracterizes in several dimentions the caregivers referenced to the Child and Youth Protection Boards, contributing to identify their frailties. The investigation is organized in three studies that seek to give an answer to three main questions: what are the risk indicators of the caregivers and the assessment tools that emerge from the execution of a scoping review?; what risk indicators are registered in the Child and Youth Protection Boards files? and what are the experts opinions regarding these indicators? In this study there are four levels of activity and three investigation questions that correspond to the different construction stages of the caregivers risk indicators. The first one consisted in a scoping review that allowed maping the literature. As a result, we identified 36 risk indicators of the referenced children and youth caregivers. With the results of the previous study we built the theoretical support for the second study. That consisted in the detailed analysis of 20 Child and Youth Protection Board (CPCJ) processes, where we found what are assessed in the processes and what their risk indicators are. The 43 risk indictors that resulted from the 2 previous studies allowed the construction of the tool. Which was validated by experts regarding the pertinence and clarity of each one the indicators trough the realization of a focus group. In the realization of the focus group, whose results are mirrored in the third study, none of the indicators were removed, as their relevance was agreed upon by all experts. They were reorganized, resulting in 40 indicators, suggesting a glossary of terms for everyone, making it clearer and more precise what they intend to evaluate with each one. The caregiver assessment tool, which we call the risk assessment tool of caregivers of children and young people referred to the CPCJ, has four dimensions: the patterns of social and economic interaction; where there are 5 indicators; the characteristics of the family consisting of 14 indicators; the characteristics of caregivers in which we include 12 indicators, and the exercise of parenting that has 9 indicators. As a conclusion is important to mention that throughout the whole process it was made clear the necessity of an instrument/tool of easy filling which objectively aggregates what to evaluate in the caregivers, guarantying the superior interest of the children. Being now necessary to pass to the next step which is the determination of the psychometric characteristics.
It is our responsibility as a society to protect children and young people, guiding our intervention, minding their superior interests, dealing adequately with the subjacent causes to all forms of mistreatment, neglect and abuse. To identify the risk indicators of the caregivers implies to work in the promotion of children’s rights and protection. The proposed methodology for this study is guided by the standard of qualitative research, consisting in the construction of an assement tool that caracterizes in several dimentions the caregivers referenced to the Child and Youth Protection Boards, contributing to identify their frailties. The investigation is organized in three studies that seek to give an answer to three main questions: what are the risk indicators of the caregivers and the assessment tools that emerge from the execution of a scoping review?; what risk indicators are registered in the Child and Youth Protection Boards files? and what are the experts opinions regarding these indicators? In this study there are four levels of activity and three investigation questions that correspond to the different construction stages of the caregivers risk indicators. The first one consisted in a scoping review that allowed maping the literature. As a result, we identified 36 risk indicators of the referenced children and youth caregivers. With the results of the previous study we built the theoretical support for the second study. That consisted in the detailed analysis of 20 Child and Youth Protection Board (CPCJ) processes, where we found what are assessed in the processes and what their risk indicators are. The 43 risk indictors that resulted from the 2 previous studies allowed the construction of the tool. Which was validated by experts regarding the pertinence and clarity of each one the indicators trough the realization of a focus group. In the realization of the focus group, whose results are mirrored in the third study, none of the indicators were removed, as their relevance was agreed upon by all experts. They were reorganized, resulting in 40 indicators, suggesting a glossary of terms for everyone, making it clearer and more precise what they intend to evaluate with each one. The caregiver assessment tool, which we call the risk assessment tool of caregivers of children and young people referred to the CPCJ, has four dimensions: the patterns of social and economic interaction; where there are 5 indicators; the characteristics of the family consisting of 14 indicators; the characteristics of caregivers in which we include 12 indicators, and the exercise of parenting that has 9 indicators. As a conclusion is important to mention that throughout the whole process it was made clear the necessity of an instrument/tool of easy filling which objectively aggregates what to evaluate in the caregivers, guarantying the superior interest of the children. Being now necessary to pass to the next step which is the determination of the psychometric characteristics.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cuidadores Serviços de proteção Indicadores de perigo Crianças Jovens Instrumentos de avaliação Caregiver Protection service Child Young Assessment Evalution tool