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O presente estudo explora o papel dos traços de personalidade e da vinculação na solidão, numa amostra de 371 adultos emergentes portugueses (M = 22.21, DP = 3.29). Através de uma metodologia descritivo-correlacional, delineou-se um protocolo de recolha de dados constituído por um questionário sociodemográfico, pelo Inventário da Personalidade NEO-FFI-20, pela Escala de Vinculação do Adulto (EVA) e pela Escala de Solidão da UCLA. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises fatoriais confirmatórias e exploratórias demonstram a robustez e a adequação das escalas utilizadas. Os resultados evidenciam uma associação entre os traços de personalidade e a solidão, com apenas o neuroticismo a correlacionar-se positivamente, r = .32, p < .001. Além disso, constata-se uma associação entre a vinculação e a solidão, com apenas a vinculação ansiosa a correlacionar-se positivamente, r = .55, p < .001. Em termos de diferenças entre sexos, os resultados apontam para diferenças estaticamente significativas ao nível do neuroticismo, amabilidade, conscienciosidade, vinculação ansiosa e evitante e da solidão. As análises de regressão indicaram que tanto os traços de personalidade, à exceção da abertura à experiência, quanto os estilos de vinculação são preditores significativos da solidão nos adultos emergentes portugueses. Ainda, evidencia-se que os traços de personalidade medeiam a relação entre a vinculação e a solidão e que, a vinculação medeia a relação entre os traços de personalidade e a solidão. Nos adultos emergentes portugueses o neuroticismo, a vinculação ansiosa e ser do sexo masculino configuram-se como fatores de risco para a solidão.
This study explores the role of personality traits and attachment in loneliness in a sample of 371 Portuguese emerging adults (M = 22.21 years, SD = 3.29). Using a descriptivecorrelational methodology, an investigation protocol was designed and includes a sociodemographic questionnaire, the NEO-FFI-20 Personality Inventory, the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results obtained by the confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses demonstrate the robustness and suitability of the scales used. The results show an association between personality traits and loneliness, with only neuroticism correlating positively, r = .32, p < .001. There was also an association between attachment and loneliness, with only anxious attachment correlating positively, r = .55, p < .001. In terms of gender differences, the results point to statistically significant differences in neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, anxious and avoidant attachment and loneliness. Regression analyses indicated that most of the personality traits, with the exception of openness to experience, and all attachment styles are significant predictors of loneliness in Portuguese emerging adults. In addition, personality traits mediate the relationship between attachment and loneliness and attachment mediates the relationship between personality traits and loneliness. In Portuguese emerging adults, neuroticism, anxious attachment and being male are risk factors for loneliness.
This study explores the role of personality traits and attachment in loneliness in a sample of 371 Portuguese emerging adults (M = 22.21 years, SD = 3.29). Using a descriptivecorrelational methodology, an investigation protocol was designed and includes a sociodemographic questionnaire, the NEO-FFI-20 Personality Inventory, the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results obtained by the confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses demonstrate the robustness and suitability of the scales used. The results show an association between personality traits and loneliness, with only neuroticism correlating positively, r = .32, p < .001. There was also an association between attachment and loneliness, with only anxious attachment correlating positively, r = .55, p < .001. In terms of gender differences, the results point to statistically significant differences in neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, anxious and avoidant attachment and loneliness. Regression analyses indicated that most of the personality traits, with the exception of openness to experience, and all attachment styles are significant predictors of loneliness in Portuguese emerging adults. In addition, personality traits mediate the relationship between attachment and loneliness and attachment mediates the relationship between personality traits and loneliness. In Portuguese emerging adults, neuroticism, anxious attachment and being male are risk factors for loneliness.
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Keywords
Personalidade Big five Vinculação Solidão Adultos emergentes portugueses Personality Attachment Loneliness Portuguese emerging adults