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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
No presente estudo, partimos de uma abordagem crítica da violência como denominador comum da humanidade, diferenciando-a de outras construções sociais, como o conflito, a guerra, o poder e a dimensão política na construção das identidades.
Explorámos a morfologia da violência, incidindo na invisibilidade, no não reconhecimento, na banalização e privatização da violência contra as mulheres e da violência de género, nas suas vertentes de dominação socio-histórica (sexual, social, política, cultural, económica), fundamentando que os mitos e estereótipos que estão na origem do continuum da violência são os mesmos que se perpetuam e exacerbam nos cenários de guerra, mantendo-se (mesmo se assumindo outras formas) no pós-conflito.
A violência sistemática, erroneamente aceite como “normalizada”, é patológica e está enraizada numa “cultura de violência”, apatia e indiferença que se tem disseminado nas “novas guerras” da atualidade, com a alteração do padrão de conflitualidade, através do uso comum da violência sexual como “arma” e “método de guerra”, conceitos estes redutores e simplistas, que descaracterizam o papel das vítimas de violência e o impacto destruidor e degradante da violência em situações de conflito.
Adotando uma “hermenêutica da suspeita”, consideramos que é nosso dever de justiça reinterpretar o conceito de paz universal, adotando um conceito de paz holística, intersetorial e sensível ao género.
Questionamos os motivos socio-históricos e as razões da lei (através da análise do sistema internacional dos direitos humanos e da Agenda “Mulheres, Paz e Segurança”) que ocultaram e silenciaram as experiências femininas no “sistema de guerra”.
O enquadramento teórico é ilustrado com o estudo da sociedade civil transnacional e
com o estudo da primeira organização internacional pacifista de mulheres, fundada em 1915, a WILPF, abalando a consciência história discriminatória da agenda internacional ao afirmar o papel transformador das mulheres na política internacional, enquanto construtoras da paz, e desenhando uma nova narrativa histórica que reunisse a polifonia das vozes das mulheres internacionalmente.
The present study sets out from a critical approach to violence as a common denominator of humanity. Violence is differentiated from other social constructs such as conflict, war, power, or the political dimension in the construction of social identities. The theoretical framework builds from a review of transnational civil society and of the first international pacifist women's organisation founded in 1915, the WILPF. Challenging what they saw as the historically discriminatory rationales of the international agenda, WILPF affirmed the transforming role of women in international politics – bringing forth their role as peacemakers, the organisation designed a new historical narrative that brings together the polyphony of women’s voices internationally. Having explored the morphology of violence, the study looks into the issues of invisibility, non-recognition, trivialization and privatisation of violence against women, and gender-based violence. These are looked at from the perspective of socio-historical domination (sexual, social, political, cultural, and economic.) Against this backdrop, the study posits that the myths and stereotypes at the origin of the continuum of violence are the same ones that are now being perpetuated and exacerbated in war scenarios, and tend to remain in the post-conflict even if emerging in different guises. Systemic violence, often mistakenly accepted as “normalized”, is indeed a pathology rooted in a “culture of violence” as well as in apathy and indifference – the latter are prevalent in the contemporary “new wars”. In the changing patterns of today’s armed conflicts, we see a rise in the use of sexual violence as a “weapon” and “method of war”. These concepts, however, are limited and simplistic, firstly because they mischaracterize the role of the victims of violence, but they also fail to highlight the destructive and degrading impact of violence in contexts of armed conflict. Adopting a “hermeneutic of suspicion”, I posit that it is our duty of justice to reinterpret the concept of universal peace, by adopting a concept of holistic, inter-sector, and gender-sensitive peace. I question the socio-historical underpinnings as well as the reasons why the law system has generally kept hidden and silenced women's experiences in the “system of war”. This was done through an analysis of the international human rights system and the “Women Peace and Security” Agenda
The present study sets out from a critical approach to violence as a common denominator of humanity. Violence is differentiated from other social constructs such as conflict, war, power, or the political dimension in the construction of social identities. The theoretical framework builds from a review of transnational civil society and of the first international pacifist women's organisation founded in 1915, the WILPF. Challenging what they saw as the historically discriminatory rationales of the international agenda, WILPF affirmed the transforming role of women in international politics – bringing forth their role as peacemakers, the organisation designed a new historical narrative that brings together the polyphony of women’s voices internationally. Having explored the morphology of violence, the study looks into the issues of invisibility, non-recognition, trivialization and privatisation of violence against women, and gender-based violence. These are looked at from the perspective of socio-historical domination (sexual, social, political, cultural, and economic.) Against this backdrop, the study posits that the myths and stereotypes at the origin of the continuum of violence are the same ones that are now being perpetuated and exacerbated in war scenarios, and tend to remain in the post-conflict even if emerging in different guises. Systemic violence, often mistakenly accepted as “normalized”, is indeed a pathology rooted in a “culture of violence” as well as in apathy and indifference – the latter are prevalent in the contemporary “new wars”. In the changing patterns of today’s armed conflicts, we see a rise in the use of sexual violence as a “weapon” and “method of war”. These concepts, however, are limited and simplistic, firstly because they mischaracterize the role of the victims of violence, but they also fail to highlight the destructive and degrading impact of violence in contexts of armed conflict. Adopting a “hermeneutic of suspicion”, I posit that it is our duty of justice to reinterpret the concept of universal peace, by adopting a concept of holistic, inter-sector, and gender-sensitive peace. I question the socio-historical underpinnings as well as the reasons why the law system has generally kept hidden and silenced women's experiences in the “system of war”. This was done through an analysis of the international human rights system and the “Women Peace and Security” Agenda
Description
Keywords
Violência contra as mulheres Violência sistemática Violência sexual como arma de guerra Agenda Mulheres, Paz e Segurança Conflito Guerra Paz Segurança Desafios do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos WILPF Sociedade civil global Violence against women Systemic violence Sexual violence as a weapon of war Women, Peace, and Security Agenda Armed conflict War, Peace and Security Challenges of International Human Rights Law Global civil society