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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As úlceras de perna são um problema de saúde devido ao número de pessoas afetadas e sua cronicidade, com impacto na qualidade de vida.
Objetivos: Determinar a taxa de prevalência da úlcera de perna. Caracterizar e analisar a relação entre os aspetos sociodemográficos, os fatores de risco, as características da úlcera e as características do tratamento com a classificação da úlcera de perna.
Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, analítico e transversal. A amostra engloba 63 utentes com úlcera de perna dos Centros de Saúde: Bom Jesus, Ponta de Sol, São Vicente, Santa e Arco da Calheta.
Resultados: A taxa de prevalência foi de 1,57/mil habitantes e de incidência de 14,58/100 mil habitantes a 3 meses. Os sujeitos foram maioritariamente idosos, do género feminino, com baixo nível de escolaridade, aposentados/reformados e obesos. Os fatores de riscos mais evidenciados centraram-se na insuficiência venosa periférica, a obesidade, a hipertensão arterial e a diabetes mellitus tipo II. O método de diagnóstico mais utilizado foi a avaliação clínica (100%), com 14,3% que efetuaram o IPTB. A etiologia foi predominantemente venosa (90,5%), seguindo-se a mista (7,9%) e a arterial (1,6%). A cronicidade da ulceração teve duração média de 1097,3 dias. Nas características da úlcera, observou-se predomínio de tecido fibrinoso, com moderado exsudado e pele circundante seca. O tipo de desbridamento mais frequente foi o enzimático e o material de penso mais utilizado foi a colagenase. Sinais de infeção foram evidenciados em 42,9% dos sujeitos, com predominância no aumento do exsudado e sua viscosidade; aumento da dor e odor. Menos de metade, 48,1% efetuaram antibioterapia sistémica. A maioria apresentou dor (65,1%), com aumento após o tratamento, dos quais 63,4% efetuaram analgesia. A terapia compressiva foi efetuada em 11,1% dos utentes e 69,8% realizaram agentes farmacológicos.
Verificou-se relação significativa entre: o fator de risco neoplasia e a classificação da úlcera (p=0,024); fraturas anteriores e a classificação da úlcera de perna (p=0,016); e relação entre presença de sinais de infeção com a área da úlcera (p=0,005).
Conclusão: A prevalência da úlcera de perna é semelhante à visualizada em outros estudos realizados na Europa, com elevada carga de recursos e repercussões na vida dos utentes e família.
Palavras-Chave: Ferida crónica; Úlcera de perna
Introduction: Leg ulcers are a health issue due to the number of people affected by it and its chronicity, with heavy impact in life quality. Goals: To determine the leg ulcer’s prevalence rate. To characterize and analyse the connection between the socio-demographic aspects, the risk factors, the ulcer’s and its’ treatment’s characteristics by classifying the leg ulcer. Methodology: Epidemiological, analytical and transversal study. The sample comprehends 63 outpatients with leg ulcers from the following health centres: Bom Jesus, Ponta de Sol, São Vicente, Santa e Arco da Calheta. Results: The prevalence rate was 1,57/thousand inhabitants with an incidence rate of 14,58/100 thousand inhabitants in 3 months. Outpatients were mainly elderly females, with low education levels, retired and obese. The most validated risk factors included peripheral venous insufficiency, obesity, hypertension and mellitus diabetes type 2. The most frequently used diagnostic method was clinical evaluation (100%), in which 14,3% tested for ABPI. The etiology was predominantly venous (90,5%), mixed (7,9%) and arterial (1,6%). The ulceration’s chronicity had an average of 1097,3 days. Concerning the ulcer’s characteristics it was possible to observe a predominance of fibrous tissue, with a moderate exudate and surrounding dry skin. The most frequent debridement type used was the enzymatic one, applying collagenase. Signs of infection were evidenced in 42,9% of the sample, generally with an increase of exudate and its viscosity; increase in pain and odour. Less than half, 48,1%, were submitted to systematic antibiotherapy. The majority manifested pain (65,1%), which increased after the treatment, and 63,4% of these had analgesia. Compressive therapy was performed in 11,1% of outpatients and 69,8% were submit to pharmacological agents. It has been validated a significant relation between: neoplasia and the ulcer’s classification (p=0,024); former bone fractures and the leg ulcer’s classification (p=0,016); and a relation between the presence of a signs of infection with its area (p=0,005). Conclusion: The prevalence of the leg ulcer is similar to the ones publicised in other European research studies, requiring high demand of resources and bearing repercussions to both the outpatient and those around
Introduction: Leg ulcers are a health issue due to the number of people affected by it and its chronicity, with heavy impact in life quality. Goals: To determine the leg ulcer’s prevalence rate. To characterize and analyse the connection between the socio-demographic aspects, the risk factors, the ulcer’s and its’ treatment’s characteristics by classifying the leg ulcer. Methodology: Epidemiological, analytical and transversal study. The sample comprehends 63 outpatients with leg ulcers from the following health centres: Bom Jesus, Ponta de Sol, São Vicente, Santa e Arco da Calheta. Results: The prevalence rate was 1,57/thousand inhabitants with an incidence rate of 14,58/100 thousand inhabitants in 3 months. Outpatients were mainly elderly females, with low education levels, retired and obese. The most validated risk factors included peripheral venous insufficiency, obesity, hypertension and mellitus diabetes type 2. The most frequently used diagnostic method was clinical evaluation (100%), in which 14,3% tested for ABPI. The etiology was predominantly venous (90,5%), mixed (7,9%) and arterial (1,6%). The ulceration’s chronicity had an average of 1097,3 days. Concerning the ulcer’s characteristics it was possible to observe a predominance of fibrous tissue, with a moderate exudate and surrounding dry skin. The most frequent debridement type used was the enzymatic one, applying collagenase. Signs of infection were evidenced in 42,9% of the sample, generally with an increase of exudate and its viscosity; increase in pain and odour. Less than half, 48,1%, were submitted to systematic antibiotherapy. The majority manifested pain (65,1%), which increased after the treatment, and 63,4% of these had analgesia. Compressive therapy was performed in 11,1% of outpatients and 69,8% were submit to pharmacological agents. It has been validated a significant relation between: neoplasia and the ulcer’s classification (p=0,024); former bone fractures and the leg ulcer’s classification (p=0,016); and a relation between the presence of a signs of infection with its area (p=0,005). Conclusion: The prevalence of the leg ulcer is similar to the ones publicised in other European research studies, requiring high demand of resources and bearing repercussions to both the outpatient and those around
Description
Keywords
Chronic wound Leg ulcer Ferida crónica Úlcera de perna