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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A União Europeia enfrenta, inquestionavelmente, a sua mais profunda crise, que corrói os alicerces sobre que se sustenta, dos quais se destaca o princípio do Estado de Direito. A sua destruição tem sido galopante e os governos da Hungria e da Polónia têm assumido o papel de timoneiros. A vulnerabilidade do Estado de Direito acentua-se de dia para dia, desmoronando a sua fortaleza e tornando a sua reabilitação mais distante. É neste contexto que se irá analisar e problematizar acerca da resposta da União a um ataque tão frontal. Uma resposta eficaz é, não só necessária, mas urgente. Numa primeira instância, será confirmada a legitimidade da União para intervir em situações de violações do Estado de Direito que ocorram ao nível dos EM, recorrendo-se aos argumentos preponderantes. Veremos como a questão da legitimidade é transversal a toda a temática e nos remete para a interrogação final. De seguida, pretende-se responder às questões: a proteção do Estado Direito levada a cabo pelas instituições tem sido eficaz? Se não, onde reside de facto a sua ineficácia? Aqui, não se curando tratar todos os mecanismos existentes por limitações de extensão, serão trazidos os cinco mecanismos de proteção do Estado de Direito mais pertinentes, quer por se mostrarem os mais adequados, quer por fazerem emergir algum ponto relevante. Concluindo-se pela inoperabilidade do sistema, o passo lógico seguinte seria o da procura de alternativas. A solução trazida pelas instituições materializa-se no Regulamento da Condicionalidade dos Fundos, cujo início de vigência data do primeiro dia do ano corrente. Naturalmente, a questão a pairar será a de saber se o novo mecanismo colmata a falha de eficácia existente. Deste modo, é avaliado o seu potencial e aferido se se revelará ser o game changer proclamado. Fulcral e determinante assume-se a posição pela qual a União opta quando as duas crises se entrelaçam - a do Estado de Direito e a da COVID-19 -, simbolizando a direção para a qual a União Europeia caminha. Nesta linha, como último ponto, pretende-se auxiliar a União no traçar deste caminho, isto é, no crescimento e definição do projeto europeu enquanto projeto de valores.
There is no doubt that the EU is facing its most serious crisis, which is corroding its very foundations, of which we intend to highlight the Rule of Law. Its dilapidation has been swift and the Hungarian and Polish governments have assumed the role of pilots. The vulnerability of Rule of Law is increasingly obvious from day to day, its fortress is crumbling and its rehabilitation seems forever more distant. In this context we will analyse and problematize about the Union's response to such frontal attack. An effective reply is not only necessary but urgent. Firstly, the fact that the Union can legitimately and with forceful arguments intervene in situations of violation of Rule of Law by Member States will be confirmed. We shall see how the question of legitimacy is a key factor that will lead us up to the final interrogation. Next comes the question: has the protection of Rule of Law carried out by the institutions been effective? If not, where has it been unsuccessful? Unable to mention all the available mechanisms due to lack of space, here there will be considerations of the five most pertinent mechanisms – either due to their adequacy or to their relationship with a relevant question - for protecting Rule of Law. If the conclusion is that the system is inoperable, logically the next step is to find alternatives. The solution brought by the institutions is incorporated in the Conditionality of Funds Regulation which came into force on the first day of the current year. Of course, the question is whether the new mechanism will staunch the existing lack of efficacy. Its potential will be assessed and we shall see if it is really the proclaimed game changer. The position adopted by the Union is crucial and now that we have a double crisis – Rule of Law and Covid-19 – it will determine the direction to be taken by the EU. Above all, the intention is to help the EU along this path, i.e., in the growth and definition of the European project, paying special attention to its values.
There is no doubt that the EU is facing its most serious crisis, which is corroding its very foundations, of which we intend to highlight the Rule of Law. Its dilapidation has been swift and the Hungarian and Polish governments have assumed the role of pilots. The vulnerability of Rule of Law is increasingly obvious from day to day, its fortress is crumbling and its rehabilitation seems forever more distant. In this context we will analyse and problematize about the Union's response to such frontal attack. An effective reply is not only necessary but urgent. Firstly, the fact that the Union can legitimately and with forceful arguments intervene in situations of violation of Rule of Law by Member States will be confirmed. We shall see how the question of legitimacy is a key factor that will lead us up to the final interrogation. Next comes the question: has the protection of Rule of Law carried out by the institutions been effective? If not, where has it been unsuccessful? Unable to mention all the available mechanisms due to lack of space, here there will be considerations of the five most pertinent mechanisms – either due to their adequacy or to their relationship with a relevant question - for protecting Rule of Law. If the conclusion is that the system is inoperable, logically the next step is to find alternatives. The solution brought by the institutions is incorporated in the Conditionality of Funds Regulation which came into force on the first day of the current year. Of course, the question is whether the new mechanism will staunch the existing lack of efficacy. Its potential will be assessed and we shall see if it is really the proclaimed game changer. The position adopted by the Union is crucial and now that we have a double crisis – Rule of Law and Covid-19 – it will determine the direction to be taken by the EU. Above all, the intention is to help the EU along this path, i.e., in the growth and definition of the European project, paying special attention to its values.
Description
Keywords
Estado de Direito União Europeia Condicionalidade dos fundos Fundo de Recuperação Hungria Polónia Rule of law European Union Conditionality of funds Recovery Fund Hungary Poland