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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Insuficiência Cardíaca é a única doença cardiovascular atualmente em crescendo no que
diz respeito à taxa de mortalidade mas sobretudo no que respeita à taxa de morbilidade
sendo a população mais idosa a mais atingida. Não havendo políticas de saúde
particularmente direcionadas para esta problemática, a tendência de crescimento deverá
manter-se. Este crescimento parece condicionado por fatores determinantes como o
aumento da esperança média de vida bem como o aumento dos fatores de risco para esta
doença como é o caso da hipertensão arterial. Portugal não escapa a esta realidade,
apresentando valores semelhantes aos vividos no resto da europa.
Os doentes com Insuficiência Cardíaca experienciam uma progressiva degradação do seu
estado de saúde sendo que as limitações funcionais são desde logo reconhecidas como uma
consequência natural que pode ser acompanhada, ou não, por défice de autocuidado devido
à intolerância à atividade física. O enfermeiro especialista assume o papel de educador,
transformador e emancipador no processo de adaptação do doente a um estilo de vida que
melhor se adapta à sua condição clinica onde deverão imperar as mudanças de
comportamentos e a manutenção, tanto quanto possível da autonomia no autocuidado e nas
tarefas diárias (Lessa, Frossard, & Queluci, 2010).
Após encontrar uma definição consensual para os conceitos Qualidade de Vida e
Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde, foi conduzida uma Scopping Review no
intuito de mapear o conhecimento atual sobre o impacto, quer da patologia cardíaca no
autocuidado, quer da cirurgia valvular na melhoria da Qualidade de Vida do doente sendo
as principais conclusões são em favor da cirurgia como fator importante na melhoria da
qualidade de vida da pessoa e na diminuição do grau de dependência no que diz respeito à
manutenção da capacidade funcional e do auto-cuidado.
Paralelamente a este estudo, o desenvolvimento de competências especializadas teve lugar
em dois âmbitos de estágios onde foram desenvolvidas competências específicas para uma
intervenção diferenciada e para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação critica e sua
família.
Heart failure is the only main cardiovascular disease currently growing regarding the mortality rate but above all with regard to the rate of morbidity with the elderly population being the most affected. In the absence of health policies particularly focused on the issue, the growth trend is expected to continue. This growth seems to be conditioned by determinant factors such as the increased average life expectancy as well as the increased risk factors for this disease, such as hypertension. Portugal is no different on this matter as they present similar values to those experienced in the rest of Europe. Heart failure patients experience a progressive deterioration of their health status, and functional limitations are considered as a natural consequence that may, or may not, have also a deficit in self-care due to intolerance to physical activity. The specialist nurse should present himself as an educator and emancipator in the process of adapting the patient to a lifestyle that is better for his clinical condition, where behavior changes should prevail, as much as possible, maintaining autonomy and self-care in daily tasks. After finding a consensual definition for the concepts Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life, a Scopping Review was conducted in order to map the current knowledge about the impact of both, cardiac pathology on self-care and valve surgery in improving the quality of life. The main conclusions are in favor of surgery as an important factor for quality of life improvement and in decreasing the degree of dependence, also maintaining functional capacity and self-care. Simultaneously to this study, the development of specialized skills took place in two areas of internships where specific skills were developed for a differentiated intervention of care delivered to people in critical status and their families.
Heart failure is the only main cardiovascular disease currently growing regarding the mortality rate but above all with regard to the rate of morbidity with the elderly population being the most affected. In the absence of health policies particularly focused on the issue, the growth trend is expected to continue. This growth seems to be conditioned by determinant factors such as the increased average life expectancy as well as the increased risk factors for this disease, such as hypertension. Portugal is no different on this matter as they present similar values to those experienced in the rest of Europe. Heart failure patients experience a progressive deterioration of their health status, and functional limitations are considered as a natural consequence that may, or may not, have also a deficit in self-care due to intolerance to physical activity. The specialist nurse should present himself as an educator and emancipator in the process of adapting the patient to a lifestyle that is better for his clinical condition, where behavior changes should prevail, as much as possible, maintaining autonomy and self-care in daily tasks. After finding a consensual definition for the concepts Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life, a Scopping Review was conducted in order to map the current knowledge about the impact of both, cardiac pathology on self-care and valve surgery in improving the quality of life. The main conclusions are in favor of surgery as an important factor for quality of life improvement and in decreasing the degree of dependence, also maintaining functional capacity and self-care. Simultaneously to this study, the development of specialized skills took place in two areas of internships where specific skills were developed for a differentiated intervention of care delivered to people in critical status and their families.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem especializada Qualidade de vida Insuficiência cardíaca Valvuloplastia Nursing Quality of life Heart failure Annuloplasty