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Abstract(s)
O pensamento político de Thomas Paine apesar de ser pouco estudado quando
comparado com outros pensadores políticos do século XVIII, tem vindo a despertar um novo interesse em vários autores devido ao seu importante papel no desenvolvimento do pensamento revolucionário e reformador desta época.
O objetivo que se pretende alcançar com esta dissertação é discernir se a crítica de Paine à monarquia inglesa foi motivada pela sua crença no racionalismo o que se confirmou após a comparação das ideias de Paine com os princípios da Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão e com as ideias de Jean-Jacques Rousseau presentes no Contrato Social. Aquilo que foi investigado nesta dissertação foi o pensamento político de Paine exposto nas suas obras, especialmente em Common Sense e em Rights of Man, definindo-se o seu
conceito de direito natural e do republicanismo como único regime legítimo, de forma a tornar possível compreender a sua luta pela separação das Colónias Americanas de Inglaterra e a sua crítica multifacetada da monarquia inglesa que se iniciou pela diferenciação da Revolução Gloriosa de 1688, da Revolução Americana de 1776 e da Revolução Francesa de 1789, passando pela sua negação da existência da constituição inglesa e terminando-se com a análise
do seu plano de auxílio social. As conclusões propostas nesta dissertação são que os princípios basilares do pensamento de Thomas Paine são muito semelhantes aos princípios da Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão de 1789 e do Contrato Social de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, sendo que alguns destes princípios, posteriormente, serviram de base à sua acusação da ausência de uma constituição em Inglaterra, após a sua passagem pelos clubes de debate de Paris e do seu contacto com o Marquis de Lafayette e com as ideias de Rousseau.
Thomas Paine's political thought, despite being little studied when compared to other political thinkers of the eighteenth century, has awakened a new interest in several authors due to its important role in the development of revolutionary and reforming thought of that time. The aim of this dissertation is to discern whether Paine's criticism of the English monarchy was motivated by his belief in rationalism, which was confirmed after comparing Paine's ideas with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and with the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau present in the Social Contract. What was investigated in this dissertation was Paine's political thought exposed in his works, especially in Common Sense and in Rights of Man, proceeding then to a definition of his concept of natural law and republicanism as the only legitimate regime, in order to make it possible to understand his fight for the separation of the American Colonies from England and his multifaceted critique of the English monarchy that began with the differentiation of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 from the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789, passing through his denial of the existence of the English constitution and ending with the analysis of his social assistance plan. The conclusions proposed in this dissertation are that the basic principles of Thomas Paine's thought are very similar to the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 and of The Social Contract of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and some of these principles, later, served has a basis for his accusation of the absence of a constitution in England, after his passage through the debating clubs of Paris and his contact with the Marquis de Lafayette and with the ideas of Rousseau.
Thomas Paine's political thought, despite being little studied when compared to other political thinkers of the eighteenth century, has awakened a new interest in several authors due to its important role in the development of revolutionary and reforming thought of that time. The aim of this dissertation is to discern whether Paine's criticism of the English monarchy was motivated by his belief in rationalism, which was confirmed after comparing Paine's ideas with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and with the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau present in the Social Contract. What was investigated in this dissertation was Paine's political thought exposed in his works, especially in Common Sense and in Rights of Man, proceeding then to a definition of his concept of natural law and republicanism as the only legitimate regime, in order to make it possible to understand his fight for the separation of the American Colonies from England and his multifaceted critique of the English monarchy that began with the differentiation of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 from the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789, passing through his denial of the existence of the English constitution and ending with the analysis of his social assistance plan. The conclusions proposed in this dissertation are that the basic principles of Thomas Paine's thought are very similar to the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 and of The Social Contract of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and some of these principles, later, served has a basis for his accusation of the absence of a constitution in England, after his passage through the debating clubs of Paris and his contact with the Marquis de Lafayette and with the ideas of Rousseau.
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Keywords
Thomas Paine Século XVIII Monarquia inglesa Racionalismo Republicanismo Revolução americana Revolução francesa Eighteenth century English monarchy Rationalism Republicanism American revolution French revolution