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Abstract(s)
O instituto da concessão não é recente como instrumento de políticas públicas. Contudo, quando confrontado com falta de liquidez para proceder à construção de grandes infraestruturas públicas, o Estado viu-se na necessidade de recorrer à ajuda dos privados e atribuir-lhes o direito de construção e exploração das obras públicas e dos serviços públicos, através de contratos de concessão. Esta relação não deixa de ser marcada por uma tensão, na medida em que a Administração Pública tem como missão a prossecução do interesse público, enquanto os privados visam celebrar um negócio lucrativo. Ora, no seguimento da constante evolução e desenvolvimento do Estado de Direito, a Administração Pública é confrontada com novas necessidades, que a levam a fazer novas ponderações ou a alterar as suas prioridades, resultando na necessidade de modificar o contrato por razões de interesse público. Esta modificação, contudo, não pode ser feita de forma arbitrária, pelo que o seu regime é amplamente regulado pelo direito europeu e nacional, de forma a conciliar a prossecução do interesse público com o respeito pelos direitos e interesses legalmente protegidos dos cidadãos. Por isso mesmo, analisamos, ancorados na jurisprudência europeia e nacional, quais as fontes, os fundamentos, os limites e as consequências que advêm de uma modificação de um contrato administrativo, especialmente as motivadas por razões de interesse público, em concreto, aplicadas às concessões de obras públicas; bem como, o caso base, a partilha do risco, e o instituto do reequilíbrio financeiro do contrato.
Concessions are not a new public policy instrument. However, when faced with a lack of liquidity to proceed with the construction of large public infrastructures, the State found itself having to resort to the help of private companies and grant them the right to build and operate public works and public services through concession contracts. This relationship is marked by tension, as the Public Administration's mission is to pursue the public interest, while the private sector's aim is to enter into a lucrative business. However, following the constant evolution and development of the Rule of Law, the Public Administration is faced with new needs, which lead it to make new considerations or change its priorities, resulting in the need to modify the contract for reasons of public interest. This modification, however, cannot be done arbitrarily, so its regime is widely regulated by European and national law, in order to reconcile the pursuit of the public interest with respect for the legally protected rights and interests of citizens. That is why we analysed, based on European and national case law, the sources, grounds, limits and consequences of modifying an administrative contract, especially those motivated by reasons of public interest, specifically as applied to public works concessions; as well as the base case, risk sharing and the institute of financial rebalance of the contract.
Concessions are not a new public policy instrument. However, when faced with a lack of liquidity to proceed with the construction of large public infrastructures, the State found itself having to resort to the help of private companies and grant them the right to build and operate public works and public services through concession contracts. This relationship is marked by tension, as the Public Administration's mission is to pursue the public interest, while the private sector's aim is to enter into a lucrative business. However, following the constant evolution and development of the Rule of Law, the Public Administration is faced with new needs, which lead it to make new considerations or change its priorities, resulting in the need to modify the contract for reasons of public interest. This modification, however, cannot be done arbitrarily, so its regime is widely regulated by European and national law, in order to reconcile the pursuit of the public interest with respect for the legally protected rights and interests of citizens. That is why we analysed, based on European and national case law, the sources, grounds, limits and consequences of modifying an administrative contract, especially those motivated by reasons of public interest, specifically as applied to public works concessions; as well as the base case, risk sharing and the institute of financial rebalance of the contract.
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Keywords
Modificações objetivas Modificação unilateral Concessões Obras públicas Interesse público Caso base Risco Reequilíbrio financeiro Objective modifications One-sided modification Concessions Public works Public interest Base case Risk Financial rebalance