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Abstract(s)
Esta investigação pretende ser um contributo para o debate sobre o rendimento básico nas suas várias formas. Na pesquisa adoptou-se uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, com recurso a dados quantitativos. Partindo da identificação dos desafios que se perspectivam advir da Quarta Revolução Industrial procura-se identificar alternativas de redistribuição de rendimentos e sobretudo mecanismos que permitam assegurar a todos os indivíduos um rendimento básico. Partindo da literatura existente, estudou-se o conceito de Rendimento Básico Incondicional (RBI), os argumentos que o suportam e exemplos de implementação em projectos-piloto. Estudaram-se também outras formas de redistribuição de rendimento, como o imposto negativo, ou o rendimento adequado. E procurou-se responder à questão de investigação: Que tipo de rendimento básico seria exequível em Portugal? São apresentados três modelos. Um modelo de Rendimento Básico Incondicional, um modelo de Rendimento Básico mas com perda da incondicionalidade (RB) e um terceiro modelo que associa ao rendimento básico um complemento salarial para aproximar as pessoas de um rendimento adequado (RA). Para os três modelos calcularam-se os custos de implementação tendo-se obtido resultados demonstram que a implementação de um rendimento básico de 450 Euros custaria entre os 5 (modelo II) e os 27 Mil Milhões de Euros (modelo I). No terceiro modelo apurou-se um custo de aproximadamente 8 Mil Milhões de Euros. Este modelo, apesar de não apresentar as características de um RBI, traduz-se numa solução potencialmente exequível. Esta solução garantiria a eliminação da pobreza extrema, mitigando as desigualdades sociais e providenciando a todos o acesso a um nível de vida digno.
This research intends to be a contribution to the debate on Basic Income. The research adopted a qualitative methodology using quantitative data. Based on the identification of the challenges that are expected to arise from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the aim is to identify alternative income redistribution mechanisms that would allow all individuals to have a basic income. The concept of Basic Income, the arguments that support it and the examples of implementation in pilot projects were studied based on existing literature. Other forms of income redistribution such as the Negative Tax and Adequate Income were also studied. The research question is thus the following: Which type of basic income would be feasible in Portugal? Three models are presented. An Unconditional Basic Income model (UBI), a Basic Income model with conditions (BI) and a third model that associates the Basic Income with a wage complement, tending towards an Adequate Income (AI). The cost of implementation for each of the three models was calculated and the results prove that the implementation of a Basic Income of 450 Euros would cost between 5 and 27 Thousand Million Euros. The third model would cost approximately 8 Thousand Million Euros. Although this model does not have the characteristics of a UBI, it is a solution that guarantees a basic income for all citizens and promotes professional activity. This solution would guarantee the elimination of extreme poverty, mitigate social inequalities and provide everyone with access to it a decent standard of living.
This research intends to be a contribution to the debate on Basic Income. The research adopted a qualitative methodology using quantitative data. Based on the identification of the challenges that are expected to arise from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the aim is to identify alternative income redistribution mechanisms that would allow all individuals to have a basic income. The concept of Basic Income, the arguments that support it and the examples of implementation in pilot projects were studied based on existing literature. Other forms of income redistribution such as the Negative Tax and Adequate Income were also studied. The research question is thus the following: Which type of basic income would be feasible in Portugal? Three models are presented. An Unconditional Basic Income model (UBI), a Basic Income model with conditions (BI) and a third model that associates the Basic Income with a wage complement, tending towards an Adequate Income (AI). The cost of implementation for each of the three models was calculated and the results prove that the implementation of a Basic Income of 450 Euros would cost between 5 and 27 Thousand Million Euros. The third model would cost approximately 8 Thousand Million Euros. Although this model does not have the characteristics of a UBI, it is a solution that guarantees a basic income for all citizens and promotes professional activity. This solution would guarantee the elimination of extreme poverty, mitigate social inequalities and provide everyone with access to it a decent standard of living.
Description
Keywords
Rendimento adequado Rendimento básico incondicional Quarta Revolução Industrial Segurança Social Adequate income Basic income Fourth Industrial Revolution Social Security