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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Eucaristia, como tema da criação artística, data dos inícios do Cristianismo,
inspirando numerosas representações ao longo da história. Na elaboração sobre a
Eucaristia, o Concílio de Trento constituiu um momento fundamental no combate às
heresias protestantes, reafirmando o dogma da presença real e a excelência do
Santíssimo Sacramento sobre os demais sacramentos. O renovado corpus doutrinal
conciliar traduziu-se no incremento e nos modos de representação artística da
Eucaristia, nos séculos posteriores a Trento, tendo em vista uma melhor compreensão
da complexidade do mistério e, através de uma teologia da imagem, uma vivência
plena da experiência eucarística.
Este estudo dirige-se sobre a realidade portuguesa, através da análise do acervo de
pinturas eucarísticas das igrejas da diocese de Lisboa, com o propósito de identificar e
conhecer os temas eucarísticos, através da sistematização dos assuntos, e analisando
os esquemas-tipo de representação iconográfica, em ordem à compreensão dos seus
significados eucarísticos e dos respectivos modos de formulação.
O estudo revela o campo da pintura como especificamente rico para dar corpo ao
discurso sobre a Eucaristia; servindo os esquemas-tipo de representação para aludir ao
dogma e à doutrina da transubstanciação, mas também para dar relevo ao extático e ao
apoteótico, privilegiando a dimensão contemplativa, exortativa e triunfalista da
Eucaristia.
Este trabalho oferece o primeiro inventário organizado e representativo da pintura
eucarística do espólio das igrejas da diocese de Lisboa, do último quartel do século
XVII aos finais do século XVIII.
Integrando um conjunto de 472 pinturas, em grande parte inéditas, este espólio é
muito diversificado e rico, quer quanto à variedade de assuntos, quer em relação à
diversidade dos esquemas iconográficos, com grande relevância para o estudo da
expressão visual da Eucaristia, nomeadamente quanto aos formulários do seu
discurso, que se comprovou atestarem clara feição tridentina.
The Eucharist, as a theme of artistic creation, has its origins in the beginning of Christianity, inspiring numerous representations throughout history. In the formulation of the Eucharist, the Council of Trent was a crucial moment in the fight against the Protestant heresies, reaffirming the dogma of the Real Presence and the excellence of the Blessed Sacrament over the remaining sacraments. The renewed doctrinal corpus of the Council resulted in the increase in the styles of artistic representation of the Eucharist, in the centuries following Trento, showing an emphasis on improving the understanding of the complexity of the mystery and, through theology of the image, a full experience of the Eucharistic practice. This study addresses the Portuguese reality, by focusing the collection of Eucharistic paintings of the churches in the diocese of Lisbon, in order to identify and meet the Eucharistic themes, through the systematization of the issues, and analysing the standard schema of the iconographic representation, in order to understand their Eucharistic meaning and its formulation modes. The dissertation reveals a field of painting that is specifically rich in giving substance to the discourse on the Eucharist; serving-type schemes of representation allude to the dogma and doctrine of transubstantiation, but also to give relief to the ecstatic and the apotheosis, favouring the contemplative dimension, hortatory and triumphalism of the Eucharist. This work provides the first organized and representative inventory of Eucharistic paintings from the estate of the churches in the diocese of Lisbon possesses, from the last quarter of the seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century. Integrating a set of 472 paintings, almost all unpublished, this glorious inventory is very diverse and rich, either on the variety of subjects as in relation to the diversity of iconographic schemes, with great relevance for the study of visual expression of the features. Eucharist, especially in its speech forms, which were proven to attest to the Tridentine.
The Eucharist, as a theme of artistic creation, has its origins in the beginning of Christianity, inspiring numerous representations throughout history. In the formulation of the Eucharist, the Council of Trent was a crucial moment in the fight against the Protestant heresies, reaffirming the dogma of the Real Presence and the excellence of the Blessed Sacrament over the remaining sacraments. The renewed doctrinal corpus of the Council resulted in the increase in the styles of artistic representation of the Eucharist, in the centuries following Trento, showing an emphasis on improving the understanding of the complexity of the mystery and, through theology of the image, a full experience of the Eucharistic practice. This study addresses the Portuguese reality, by focusing the collection of Eucharistic paintings of the churches in the diocese of Lisbon, in order to identify and meet the Eucharistic themes, through the systematization of the issues, and analysing the standard schema of the iconographic representation, in order to understand their Eucharistic meaning and its formulation modes. The dissertation reveals a field of painting that is specifically rich in giving substance to the discourse on the Eucharist; serving-type schemes of representation allude to the dogma and doctrine of transubstantiation, but also to give relief to the ecstatic and the apotheosis, favouring the contemplative dimension, hortatory and triumphalism of the Eucharist. This work provides the first organized and representative inventory of Eucharistic paintings from the estate of the churches in the diocese of Lisbon possesses, from the last quarter of the seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century. Integrating a set of 472 paintings, almost all unpublished, this glorious inventory is very diverse and rich, either on the variety of subjects as in relation to the diversity of iconographic schemes, with great relevance for the study of visual expression of the features. Eucharist, especially in its speech forms, which were proven to attest to the Tridentine.
Description
Keywords
Iconografia cristã Pintura Eucaristia Reforma católica Lisboa Igrejas Christian iconography Painting Eucharist Catholic reformation Lisbon Churches