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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Código das Sociedades Comerciais, aprovado pelo Decreto-Lei nº 262/86,
de 02 de setembro, prevê a possibilidade de impugnar uma deliberação dos sócios que
seja desconforme com o sistema (lei ou contrato) e que possa, por essa razão, ser
declarada nula ou anulada, com fundamento nos arts. 56º e 58º, respetivamente. Sendo o
regime regra o da anulabilidade, só é possível apreender a abrangência deste desvalor da
deliberação afastando os casos de nulidade, uma vez que o legislador remete para a
anulabilidade sempre que não caiba a nulidade, tal como plasmado no art. 58º, n.º 1, al.
a), do CSC. Assim, no que concerne à invalidade do conteúdo da deliberação, se a mesma
não se enquadrar no âmbito da nulidade, por força das als. c) e d) do n.º 1 do art. 56º, será
anulável nos termos da referida al. a) do nº 1 do art. 58º do CSC.
Dado que a validade do conteúdo de uma deliberação se afere pelo respeito de
determinados princípios, é por referência a estes que intentaremos distinguir ambas as
situações, procurando detetar a quais o legislador pretendeu atender na consagração das
normas. Tal indagação será de pendor tendencialmente casuístico, privilegiando a análise
da forma como a doutrina e a jurisprudência caracterizam incidentalmente ambas as
situações e uma proposta de clarificação, trazendo exemplos práticos que possibilitem
delimitar a fronteira entre as deliberações nulas e anuláveis, por vícios de conteúdo, nessa
referenciação, dando alguma materialidade à distinção entre as duas figuras.
The Portuguese Companies Code, approved by Decree-Law nr. 262/86 of September 2nd, provides for the possibility to challenge a shareholders' resolution which is not in conformity with the system (law or contract) and that may, for that reason, be declared null or annulled, based on articles 56 and 58, respectively. As the rule is that of nullity, it is only possible to apprehend the scope of this devaluation of the resolution leaving aside the cases of nullity, since the legislator refers to nullity whenever nullity is not applicable, as set forth in article 58, no. 1, paragraph a) of the Portuguese Companies Code. Therefore, regarding the invalidity of the content of the resolution, if it does not fall within the scope of nullity, by virtue of paragraphs c) and d) of article 56 no. 1, it will be annulled in accordance with the referred paragraph a) of no. 1 of article 58 of the Portuguese Companies Code. Since the validity of the content of a resolution is assessed by the compliance with certain principles, it is by reference to these that we will attempt to distinguish both situations, trying to detect which ones the legislator intended to consider when establishing the rules. Such inquiry will tend to be casuistic in nature, privileging the analysis of how doctrine and jurisprudence incidentally characterize both situations and a clarification proposal, bringing practical examples that make it possible to delimit the boundary between null and annullable resolutions, due to content defects, in this referencing, giving some materiality to the distinction between the two figures.
The Portuguese Companies Code, approved by Decree-Law nr. 262/86 of September 2nd, provides for the possibility to challenge a shareholders' resolution which is not in conformity with the system (law or contract) and that may, for that reason, be declared null or annulled, based on articles 56 and 58, respectively. As the rule is that of nullity, it is only possible to apprehend the scope of this devaluation of the resolution leaving aside the cases of nullity, since the legislator refers to nullity whenever nullity is not applicable, as set forth in article 58, no. 1, paragraph a) of the Portuguese Companies Code. Therefore, regarding the invalidity of the content of the resolution, if it does not fall within the scope of nullity, by virtue of paragraphs c) and d) of article 56 no. 1, it will be annulled in accordance with the referred paragraph a) of no. 1 of article 58 of the Portuguese Companies Code. Since the validity of the content of a resolution is assessed by the compliance with certain principles, it is by reference to these that we will attempt to distinguish both situations, trying to detect which ones the legislator intended to consider when establishing the rules. Such inquiry will tend to be casuistic in nature, privileging the analysis of how doctrine and jurisprudence incidentally characterize both situations and a clarification proposal, bringing practical examples that make it possible to delimit the boundary between null and annullable resolutions, due to content defects, in this referencing, giving some materiality to the distinction between the two figures.
Description
Keywords
Deliberações dos sócios Nulidade Anulabilidade Conteúdo Critérios Shareholders’ resolutions Nullity Annullability Content Criteria