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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo central desenvolver o conceito da ocupação efetiva quando aplicado no Desporto e, com especial enfoque, no futebol profissional. Nesse sentido, assume-se como relevante perceber as razões que fundamentam a existência de um regime especial para os desportistas: o Regime do Contrato de Trabalho Desportivo. Do facto de se tratar de uma área eminentemente prática surge a necessidade de recorrer a exemplos reais, os quais apresentam a violação do direito de ocupação efetiva do desportista como o ponto de partida de muitos dos casos de assédio moral. Os casos sucedem-se e, em virtude dos efeitos na vida dos atletas, esta tese procura escrutinar situações específicas e que nos obrigam a análises cuidadas. Feita uma exposição mais teórica, é precisamente enquanto intérprete, e através do confronto com a realidade, que se tenta, não só dar respostas, mas também levantar questões. Observando as condutas de que foi alvo um desportista em concreto, torna-se possível debater sobre a influência destas nos direitos (e também deveres) do praticante desportivo. Embora alertemos para o facto de, nesta área, haver uma ainda mais forte relação com as circunstâncias envolventes, não deixamos de afirmar (e, posteriormente, procurar demonstrar) que existe uma clara gradação das atuações das entidades desportivas: enquanto algumas afetam evidentemente o direito de ocupação efetiva, outras revelam um grau de subtileza maior. Aqui, atribui-se uma grande importância à figura da resolução, porque, conectando-se esta com a ideia de “justa causa”, obriga-nos a avaliar quais as práticas que, possivelmente, permitirão ao atleta libertar-se do seu vínculo. Para além disso, e relevando o fenómeno desportivo cada vez mais, é em tudo benéfico analisar a questão da ocupação efetiva de um prisma não só nacional, mas também internacional; as soluções adotadas podem ser diversas e viabilizam uma visão mais completa da temática. Com esta perspetiva de Direito comparado e visando, essencialmente, uma maior proteção do atleta– sem, por outro lado, prejudicar (pelo 10 menos, excessivamente) as entidades empregadoras–, equacionam-se algumas mudanças ao regime adotado pelo nosso legislador.
This dissertation´s main goal is to develop the concept of effective occupation when applied to Sports and, with special focus, in professional football. For that matter, it is assumed to be relevant to understand the reasons that explain the existence of a special regime for sportsmen: The Sports Employment Contract Regime. The fact that it is an eminently practical area arose the need to use real examples, which present the violation of the sportsman's right to effective occupation as the starting point of many of the cases of moral harassment. These occur on a constant basis and, due to the effects on the athletes' lives, this thesis seeks to debate specific situations that require us to do careful analyzes. After making a more theoretical exposition, it is precisely as an interpreter, and through confrontation with reality, that we try, not only to give answers, but also to raise questions. Observing the behaviors that a specific sportsman was target, it becomes possible to discuss about their influence on the rights (and also duties) of the athlete. Even though we warn that, in this area, there is an even stronger relationship with the surrounding circumstances, we still affirm (and, later, try to demonstrate) that there is a clear gradation of the sports entities´ actions: while some evidently affect the right of effective occupation, others show more subtlety. Here, the resolution is a figure with great importance, because, connecting it with the idea of “just cause”, it forces us to evaluate which practices will possibly allow the athlete to free himself from his bond. In addition, and with an increasing emphasis on the sporting phenomenon, it is beneficial to analyze the question of the effective occupation by a prism that is not only national, but also international; the solutions adopted can be diverse and allow a more complete view of the theme. With this perspective of comparative Law, we point out some changes to the regime adopted by our legislator, aiming, essentially, for greater protection of the athlete, without, on the other hand, harming (at least, excessively) employers.
This dissertation´s main goal is to develop the concept of effective occupation when applied to Sports and, with special focus, in professional football. For that matter, it is assumed to be relevant to understand the reasons that explain the existence of a special regime for sportsmen: The Sports Employment Contract Regime. The fact that it is an eminently practical area arose the need to use real examples, which present the violation of the sportsman's right to effective occupation as the starting point of many of the cases of moral harassment. These occur on a constant basis and, due to the effects on the athletes' lives, this thesis seeks to debate specific situations that require us to do careful analyzes. After making a more theoretical exposition, it is precisely as an interpreter, and through confrontation with reality, that we try, not only to give answers, but also to raise questions. Observing the behaviors that a specific sportsman was target, it becomes possible to discuss about their influence on the rights (and also duties) of the athlete. Even though we warn that, in this area, there is an even stronger relationship with the surrounding circumstances, we still affirm (and, later, try to demonstrate) that there is a clear gradation of the sports entities´ actions: while some evidently affect the right of effective occupation, others show more subtlety. Here, the resolution is a figure with great importance, because, connecting it with the idea of “just cause”, it forces us to evaluate which practices will possibly allow the athlete to free himself from his bond. In addition, and with an increasing emphasis on the sporting phenomenon, it is beneficial to analyze the question of the effective occupation by a prism that is not only national, but also international; the solutions adopted can be diverse and allow a more complete view of the theme. With this perspective of comparative Law, we point out some changes to the regime adopted by our legislator, aiming, essentially, for greater protection of the athlete, without, on the other hand, harming (at least, excessively) employers.
Description
Keywords
Ocupação efetiva Assédio moral Contrato de trabalho Contrato de trabalho do praticante desportivo Resolução contratual Indemnização Effective occupation Mobbing Labour contract Sports employment contract Contract resolution Indemnity